2019 年考研英语二考前模拟题Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Children need exercise. Parents often worry that 1 time for athletics or even for just playing on the Jungle Jim is going to take away from their kids_2_achievement. But actually, the _3_ is true. There have been analyses of huge numbers of studies that all show that kids who are _4_are better in school, get better grades, and have higher _5_ scores than kids who lack of exercise. And that is probably because _6_ the lifespan, even into old age, theres a strong correlation between a healthy heart and a healthy brain.The brain is the most _7_ organ that your circulatory system has to_8_. It takes up a lot of the bodys oxygen and a lot of the bodys _9_. And unlike most of your _10_, your brain cant live very long _11_that blood supply. You cut blood supply off for about five minutes and parts of the brain start dying. So blocked arteries and little clots that cut off blood flow to the brain in order people are a _12_source of cognitive difficulty and cognitive deterioration with age. And even in little kids, being physically fit clearly _13_ intellectual performance.The other thing parents should be thinking about is that in childhood your kid needs about 90 minutes a day of active_14_, and parents should really_15_, I think, on making sure that thats fun, first of all. You dont want to _16_exercise as punishment. And you also, I think, want to have them doing something that could potentially continue into adulthood._17_much your kids like climbing trees, theyre not going to be doing that when theyre 40, not most of us anyway.And _18_ you give them a sport or a taste for hiking or a taste for yoga, something that grownups do, you _19_ reduce the chance that theyre going to be one of the large numbers of people who are active children who grow into inactive adults. Usually that _20_ happens around the age of 13 or so.1.A.wasting B.spending C.making D.killing2.A.physical B.academic C.social D.educational3.A.story B.worry C.expectation D.opposite4.A.fit B.good C.positive D.inactive5.A.test B.sports C.isdom D.intelligence6.A.for B.acrossC.beforeD.by7.A.challenging B.necessary C.simple D.demanding8.A.constitute B.keep C.feed D.foster9.A.nerve B.energy C.food D.power10.A.cells B.textures C.parts D.tissues11.A.without B including C.with D.except12.A.splendid B.rich C.large D.significant13.A.reduces B.intensifies C.enhances D.aggravates.14.A.moving B.moving aroundC.moving upD.moving on15.A.depend B.count C.base D.focus16.A.institute B.interpret C.prove D.describe17.A.Whenever B.So C.How D.However18.A.meanwhile B.although C.if D.since19.A.greatlyB.barelyC.nearlyD.hardly20.A.improvement B.growth C.transition D.transferSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Should a leader strive to be loved or feared? This question,famously posed by Machiavelli, lies at the heart of Joseph Nyes new book. Mr.Nye, a former dean of the Kennedy School of Govemment at Harvard and one-time chairman of Americas National Intelligence Council, is best known for promoting the idea of “soft power“, based on persuasion and influence,as a counterpoint to “hard power“, based on coercion and force. Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books,Mr.Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership,in both the political and business spheres. Machiavelli,he notes,concluded that “one ought to be both feared and loved, but as it is difficult for the two to go together,it is much safer to be feared than loved.“ In short, hard power is preferable to soft power.But modem leadership theorists have come to the opposite conclusion.The context of leadership is changing, the observe,and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated. In modem companies and democracies, power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies are being undermined, making soft power ever more important.But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion. Mr.Nye argues. Instead,he advocates a synthesis of these two views.The conclusion of The Powers to Lead ,his survey of the theory of leadership, is that a combination of hard and soft power, which he calls ”smart power”, is the best approach.The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is, apparently, the “transformational leadership pattern”. Anone allergic to management term will already be running for the exit,but Mr Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadcriship into a single, slim volume. He examines different approaches to leadership,the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effcctiveness of a particular leader.There are plcnty of anccdotes and examples,both historical and contemporary,political and corporate.Also, leadership is a slippery subject, and as he depicts various theories, even Mr.Nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall. He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadershipin particular,the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders to lie -and he provides a helpful 12-point summary of his conclusions.A recuming theme is that as circumstances change,different sorts of leadcrs are required;a leader who thrives in one environment may struggle in another,and vice versa.Ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadcrship offers no casy answers.21.From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr.Machiavellis idea of hard power is _.A.well accepted by Joseph Nye B.very influential till nowadaysC.based on sound theories D.contrary to that of modem leadership theorists22.Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to Mr.Nye?A.Coercion is widespread. B.Morality is devalued.C.Power is no longer concentrated. D.Traditional hierarchies are strengthened23.In his book the Powers to lead,Mr.Nye has exmined all the following aspects of leadership EXCEPT_.A.authority B.context C.approaches D.morality24.Mr.Nyes book is particularly valuable in that it _.A.makes little use of management terms B.summarizes various studies conciselyC.serves as an exit for leadership researchers D.sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders25.According to the author,the most interesting part of Mr.Nyes book lies in his _.A.view of changeable leadership B.definition of good leadershipC.summary of leadership history D.discussion of moral leadershipText 2According to a recent survey on money and relationships, 36 percent of people are keeping a bank account from their partner. While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in a relationship , in truth it may just be a form of financial protection.With almost half of all marriages ending in divorce, men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy, regardless of whether they are in a relationship.The financial hardship on individuals after a divorce can be extremely difficult, even more so when children are involved. The lack of permanency in relationships, jobs and family life may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner; in other words, an ”escape fund”.Margarets story is far from unique. She is a representative of a growing number of women in long-term relationships who are becoming protective of their own earnings.Every month on pay day, she banks hundreds of dollars into a savings account she keeps from her husband. She has been doing this throughout their six-year marriage and has built a nest egg worth an incredible $100,000 on top of her pension.Margaret says if her husband found out about her secret savings hed hurt and would interpret this as a sign she wasnt sure of the marriage.” Hed think it was my escape fun so that financially I could afford to get out of the relationship if it went wrong. I know you should approach marriage as being forever and I hope ours is, but you can never be sure.” Like many of her fellow secret savers, Margaret was stung in a former relationship and has since been very guarded about her own money.Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad. Take Colleen for example, who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner. ”I decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own. I wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day.”“When John found out about my secret savings, he was a little suspicious of my motives. I reassured him that this was certainly not an escape fund that I feel very secure in out relationship. I have to admit that it does feel good to have my own money on reserve if ever there are rainy days in the future. Its sensible to build and protect your personal financial security.”26. The trend to keep a secret bank account is growing because_A. escape fund helps one through rainy days B. days are getting harder and harderC. women are money sensitive D. financial conflicts often occur27. The word “savvy”(Line2,Para 2)probably means_A. suspicious B. secureC. shrewd D. simple28. Which inference can we make about Margaret?A. She is a unique woman. B. She was once divorced.C. She is going to retire. D. She has many children.29. The author mentions Colleens example to show_A. any couple can avoid marriage conflictsB. privacy within marriage should be respectedC. everyone can save a fortune with a happy marriageD. financial disclosure is not necessarily bad30. Which of the following best summary this passage?A. Secret Savers B. Love Is What Its WorthC. Banking Honesty D. Once Bitten, Twice ShyText 3For the first time in 40 years, junior doctors in the National Health Service have voted to go on strike for several days next month. The government is proposing a new contract to hit its declared target of a fully staffed seven-day service, including in the evenings and at weekends. It insists that three-quarters of doctors will be better off as a result. But the British Medical Association, the doctors trade union, has broken off talks, claiming that some juniors will lose pay under the new contract.The NHS, created by a Labour government in 1948, is always problematic for the Conservatives. That may explain why the health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, tries so hard to keep out of the news.Yet the impending junior doctors strike shows how hard it is to depoliticize health, because underlying it is one big issue: money. Since it is almost entirely taxpayer-financed, the NHS budget must be set by the government. The Tory manifesto promised to maintain health spending in real terms, ring-fencing it from public-spending cuts. Despite this, the service is in the middle of the longest and tightest squeeze in its history.That is in part because demand for health care increases inexorably every year. An ageing population, new technology and drugs, and a rise in obesity and alcohol consumption all play a part. But a bigger factor is that, after a decade of hefty budget increases, health-care providers have had to tighten their belts in the past five years.What makes matters worse still are sharp cuts in local-authority social care. These mean that more elderly patients are being kept in hospital beds for longer. The NHS is already channeling some cash to local authorities to avert this. Hospital care is far more expensive than social care, so this transfer of NHS money makes sense. Thanks largely to this parsimonious funding, the NHS is rated by most economists as highly efficient. Yet the OECDs latest “Health at a Glance 2015” report finds that its record on patient care is not that impressive. All this adds up to a powerful argument for more spending.Yet this invites two hard questions. The first is: how much spending is enough? The scope for more health spending, especially on higher pay, is almost infinite. The second question is where to get the money from. Some suggests deferring the governments budget-surplus target or raising taxes, especially “sin taxes” such as those on tobacco or alcohol.It has often been said that the only subject health ministers ever discuss with the medical profession is money. As he prepares for the junior doctors walkout and for another tough public-spending round, Mr. Hunt seems destined to find that to be truer than ever.31. According to the first two paragraph, the government _.A. takes the NHS as an opponentB. has raised a seemingly well-meaning article C set up the NHS in 1948D. damaged the junior doctors interests intentionally32. The most possible reason for the NHS current situation is _.A. inexperience of the junior doctorsB. the boycott from the governmentC. lack of money and rise of demandD. aging problem in the British33. Mentioning OECDs reports finding the author is making the point that _.A. more money should be paid for the NHSB. hospital care weighs the same as the social careC. social care has been long overweighedD. NHS is not as efficient as the economists thought34. According to Paragraph 5 and 6, we can infer that the author _.A. sees the ranges of health spending should be standardizedB. expects the government can pay less attention to its budget C. admires the high salary of social health doctorsD. believes the tobacco and alcohol is the chief culprit of health35. We can infer from the passage that Mr. Hunt is _.A. reluctant to pay any money on the NHSB. fed up with the confliction between government and NHSC. optimistic to put down the junior doctors strikeD. bound to solve the realistic question of moneyText 4As prosecutors, we have long noted with distress how often children are present when violent crimes are committed. Kids dont need to be the target of the violence to be scarred by it. Ask any adult who witnessed domestic violence while growing up; decades later, he or she will still be able to talk vividly of the event and how it affects them today.Researchers studying these “invisible victims” have found that an array of emotional and behavioral consequences flow from the exposure. In 2003, the National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect published a bulletin outlining negative effects ranging from behavioral and social impairments to cognitive and attitudinal problems. In more precise terms, research has found that children exposed to violence are more aggressive,