考试科目：翻译硕士英语 共 9 页，第 1 页2016 年全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试试题 (A 卷) *学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语 考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。 I. Vocabulary had B. Have; had C. Should; have D. In case; had27. _ we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of obtaining wealth. A. Much as B. As much C. More as D.As well as28. Among the first to come and live in North America _, who later prospered mainly in New England. A. had been Dutch settlers B. Dutch settlers were there C. were Dutch settlers D. Dutch settlers had been there 29. _ there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. Smith _ the invitation to visit that area. A. If he knew; would have declined B. If he had known; would decline C. Had he known; would decline D. Had he known; would have declined30. In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could _. A. hear somebody mourn B. hear somebody mourning C. hear somebody mourned D. hear somebody had been mourning II. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are three passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there is one passage followed by a total of 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A Multiple-Choice Questions (30%)Passage 1Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. 考试科目：翻译硕士英语 共 9 页，第 4 页The head of the Library of Congress is to name Donald Hall, a writer whose deceptively simple language builds on images of the New England landscape, as the nations 14th poet laureate today.Mr. Hall，a poet in the distinctive American tradition of Robert Frost, has also been a harsh critic of the religious rights influence on government arts policy. And as a member of the advisory council of the National Endowment for the Arts during the administration of George H. W. Bush, he referred to those he thought were interfering with arts grants as “bullies and art bashers”.He will succeed Ted Kooser, the Nebraskan who has been the poet laureate since 2004.The announcement of Mr. Halls appointment is to be made by James H. Billington, the Librarian of Congress. Mr. Billington said that he chose Mr. Hall because of “the sustained quality of his poetry, the reach and the variety of things he talks about”. Like Mr. Kooser, Mr. Billington said, “Mr. Hall evokes a sense of place. ”Mr. Hall, 77, lives in a white clapboard farmhouse in Wilmot, N. H., that has been in his family for generations. He said in a telephone interview that he didnt see the poet laureateship as a bully pulpit. “But its a pulpit anyway,” he said. “If I see First Amendment violations, I will speak up.Mr. Hall is an extremely productive writer who has published about 18 books of poetry, 20 books of prose and 12 childrens books. He has won many awards, including a national Book Critics Circle Award in 1989 for “The One Day”，a collection.In recent years much of his poetry has been preoccupied with the death of his wife, the poet Jane Kenyon, in 1995.Robert Pinsky, who was poet laureate from 1997 to 2000 said he welcomed Mr. Halls appointment，especially in light of his previous outspokenness about politics and arts. “There is something nicely symbolic，and maybe surprising,” Mr. Pinsky said, “that they have selected someone who has taken a stand for freedom.”The position carries an award of $35,000 and $5,000 travel allowance. It usually lasts a year, though poets are sometimes reappointed.31. Donald Hall _.A. uses simple English to express the images of the New England landscapeB. dislikes the idea of impacting government by the right side of the religionC. is the 14th poet laureate appointed by the CongressD. is a member of the advisory council of the National Endowment for the Arts32. James H. Billington _.A. likes the poems with great depth and widthB. speaks highly of poems in simple English rather than complex onesC. prefers the poems with sustained style and expressionD. likes the poems with the knowledge of various things33. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Mr. Hall has published many books and magazines on poems.B. Mr. Hall is a critic of literature in the U. S.考试科目：翻译硕士英语 共 9 页，第 5 页C. Mr. Hall has got many prizes for his talents in writing.D. Mr. Hall has got support from his predecessors.34. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Mr. Hall loves his wife very much.B. Mr. Hall takes the new appointment for granted.C. Mr. Hall has got great ideas from his wife.D. Mr. Hall may hold the position for another year.35. What is the best title for the passage?A. A Guard for Politics and Arts B. A New Poet LaureateC. A Representative for Freedom D. The Winning of a Poet Passage 2Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is saidthe words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We dont always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words dont mean anything except “Im letting off some steam. I dont really want you to pay close attention to what Im saying. Just pay attention to what Im feeling.” Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, “This step has to be fixed before Ill buy.” The owner says, “Its been like that for years.” Actually, the step hasnt been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: “I dont want to fix it. We put up with it. Why cant you?” The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed through examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friends unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says “No!” to a serials of charges like “Youre dumb,” “Youre lazy,” and “Youre dishonest,” may also say “No!” and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is “And youre good looking.”We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, “If sure has been nice to have you over,” can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the 考试科目：翻译硕士英语 共 9 页，第 6 页less importance it assumes.36. Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners, if _.A. they use proper words to carry their ideas B. they both speak truly of their own feelings C. they try to understand each others ideas beyond words D. they are capable of associating meaning with their words 37. “Im letting off some steam” in paragraph 1 means _. A. Im just calling your attention B. Im just kidding C. Im just saying the opposite D. Im just giving off some sound 38. The house-owners example shows that he actually means _.A. the step has been like that for years B. he doesnt think it necessary to fix the step C. the condition of the step is only a minor fault D. the cost involved in the fixing should be shared 39. Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if _.A. linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness B. seen as ones habitual pattern of behavior C. taken as part of an ordering sequence D. expressed to a series of charges 40. The word “ritualistically” in the last paragraph equals something done _.A. without true intention B. light-heartedly C. in a way of ceremony D. with less emphasis Passage 3Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Cellular slime molds are extraordinary life forms that exhibit features of both fungi and protozoa, although often classed for convenience with fungi. At one time they were regarded as organisms of ambiguous taxonomic status, but more recent analysis of DNA sequences has shown that slime molds should be regarded as inhabiting their own separate kingdom.Their uniqueness lies in their unusual life cycle, which alternates between a feeding stage in which the organism is essentially unicellular and a reproductive stage in which the organism adopts a multicellular structure. At the first stage they are free-living, separate amoebae, usually inhabiting the forest floor and ingesting bacteria found in rotting wood, dung, or damp soil. But their food supplies are relatively easily exhausted since the cells movements are restricted and their food requirements rather 考试科目：翻译硕士英语 共 9 页，第 7 页large.When the cells become starved of nutrition, the organism initiates a new genetic program that permits the cells to eventually find a new, food-rich environment. At this point, the single-celled amoebae combine together to form what will eventually become a multicellular creature. The mechanism by which the individual members become a single entity is essentially chemical in nature. At first, a few of the amoebae start to produce periodic chemical pulses that are detected, amplified, and relayed to the surrounding members, which then move toward the pulse origin. In time, these cells form many streams of cells, which then come together to form a single hemispherical mass. This mass sticks together through the secretion of adhesion molecules.The mass now develops a tip, which elongates into a finger-like structure of about 1 or 2 millimeters in length. This structure eventually falls over to form a miniature slug, moving as a single entity orienting itself toward light. During this period the cells within the mass differentiate into two distinct kinds of cell. Some become prestalk cells, which later form into a vertical stalk, and others form prespore cells, which become the spore head.As the organism migrates, it leaves behind a track of slime rather like a garden slug. Once a favorable location has been found with a fresh source of bacteria to feed on, the migration stops and the colony metamorphoses into a fungus-like organism in a process known as “culmination.” The front cells turn into a stalk, and the back cells climb up the stalk and form a spherical-shaped head, known as the sorocarp. This final fruiting body is about 2 millimeters in height. The head develops into spores, which are dispersed into the environment and form the next generation of amoebae cells. Then the life cycle is repeated. Usually the stalk disappears once the spores have been released. The process by which the originally identical cells of the slime mold become transformed into multicellular structures composed of two different cell typesspore and stalkis of great interest to developmental biologists since it is analogous to an important process found in higher organisms in which organs with highly specialized functions are formed from unspecialized stem cells. Early experiments showed which parts of the slime mold organism contributed to the eventual stalk and which parts to the head. Scientists stained the front part of a slug with a red dye and attached it to the back part of a different slug. The hybrid creature developed as normal. The experimenters then noted that the stalk of the fruiting body was stained red and that the spore head was unstained. Clearly, the anterior part of the organism culminated in the stalk and the posterior part in the spore head. Nowadays, experiments using DNA technology and fluorescent proteins or enzymes to label the prespore and prestalk cells have been undertaken. This more molecular approach gives more precise results than using staining dyes but has essentially backed up the results of the earlier dye studies.41. How the slime should be classified used to be _.A. unknown B. uncertain C. controversial D. unfamiliar42. According to the passage, what is unusual about the slime molds life cycle?A. They inhabit their own kingdom.考试科目：翻译硕士英语 共 9 页，第 8 页B. They are organisms whose classification is ambiguous.C. They alternate between unicellular and multicellular structures.D. They are free-living organisms.43. All of the followings are mentioned in the text as being parts of the multicellular slug EXCEPT _. A. the head B. the stalk C. legs D. spores44. Why does the author refer to the fungus-like organism as a fruiting body?A. Because it has become one entity. B. Because it is 2 millimeters in height.C. Because it now has a stalk and head.D. Because it has reached its reproductive stage. 45. According to the passage, the recent DNA studies _. A. give similar results to the dye studiesB. contradict the dye studiesC. are less exact than the dye studiesD. have introduced confusion about the dye study resultsSection B Short-Answer Questions (10%)Passage 4Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Barry Schwartz did not expect to feel inspired on a clothes-shopping trip. “I avoid buying jeans; I wear one pair until it falls apart,” says Schwartz, an American psychology professor. “The last time I had bought a pair there had been just one style. But recently I was asked if I wanted this fit or that fit, or this color or that. I intended to be out shopping for five minutes but it took an hour, and I began to feel more and more dissatisfied.” This trip made him think: did more choice always mean greater satisfaction? “Id always believed that choice was good, and more choice was better. My experience got me thinking: how many others felt like me?” The result was a widely discussed study that challenged the idea that more is always better. Drawing on the psychology of economics, which looks at how people choose what to buy, Schwartz designed a questionnaire t