2017 年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目代码 256 考试科目名称二外英语PART I. VOCABULARY _ is total poverty.A. now that all is left B. now all which is leftC. now all that is left D. now all what is left19. It was in China _ Dr. Bethune gave his life to the cause of the revolution.A. that B. for where C. in which D. at which20. _ coming of the Space Age, a new area has been added to the study of the planets.A. While B. It is the C. When the D.With thePART II. READING COMPREHENSION （ 2×20=40）In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that is the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.PASSAGE ONEIn the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.First，lets talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”, but “text me around 8 and well see where we all are”.Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS2Text Messaging”, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the “texters” those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice.They found that the mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.Who can blame them? Phone meetings get canceled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on peoples privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you neednt worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.21. When people plan to meet nowadays, they _. Aarrange the meeting place beforehand Bpostpone fixing the place till last minute Cseldom care about when and where to meet Dstill love to work out detailed meeting plans.22. According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effect are mostly likely to be seen on _.AtalkersBthe “speakeasy“ Cthe “spacemaker”Dtexters23. We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are _.Aquite revealingBwell writtenCunacceptable by othersDshocking to others24According to the passage,who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile ?ATalkers.BThe speakeasy.CThe spacemaker.DTexters.25An appropriate title for the passage might be _.AThe SMS EffectBCultural Implications of Mobile Phone UseCChanges in the Use of the MobileDBody Language and the Mobile Phone3PASSAGE TWOOver the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class whether a person is “working-class” or “middle-class” are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her “housekeeping”, would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was and still is inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as a top priority, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws to improve job-security, combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about “tomorrow”. Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen among younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes. They spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in precious generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups.26Which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past?A. Life style and occupation.B. Attitude and income.C. Income and job security.D. Job security and hobbies.27The writer seems to suggest that the description of _ is closer to truth.Amiddle class ways of spending moneyBworking-class ways of spending the weekendCworking-class drinking habitsDmiddle-class attitudes28According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a typical feature of the middle-class? ADesiring for security.BMaking long-term plans.CHaving priorities in life.DSaving money.429Working-class people's sense of security increased as a result of all the following factors EXCEPT _ .Abetter social securityBmore job opportunitiesChigher living standardDbetter legal protection30Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?AChanges are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.BThe gap between working-class and middle-class young people is narrowing.CDifferences in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear.DMiddle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class people.PASSAGE THREEFor several days I saw little of Mr. Rochester. In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from the neighborhood called and sometimes stayed to dine with him. When his foot was well enough, he rode out a great deal.During this time, all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile. His changes of manner did not offend me, because I saw that I had nothing to do with the cause of them.One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his armchair, and looked not quite so severe, and much less gloomy. There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As I was looking at him, he suddenly turned, and asked me, “Do you think Im handsome, Miss Eyre?”The answer somehow slipped from my tongue before I realized it: “No, sir.”“Ah, you really are unusual! You are a quiet, serious little person, but you can be almost rude.” “Sir, Im sorry. I should have said that beauty doesnt matter, or something like that.”“No, you shouldnt! I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stab me in the back! You have honesty and feeling. There are not many girls like you. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhaps you have awful faults to counterbalance your few good points.”I thought to myself that he might have too. He seemed to read my mind, and said quickly, “Yes, youre right. I have plenty of faults. I went the wrong way when I was twenty-one, and have never found the right path again. I might have been very different. I might have been as good as you, and perhaps wiser. I am not a bad man, take my word for it, but I have done wrong. It wasnt my character, but circumstances which were to blame. Why do I tell you all this? Because youre the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to, because youre sympathetic and give them hope.”It seemed he had quite a lot to talk to me. He didnt seem to like to finish the talk quickly, as was the case for the first time.“Dont be afraid of me, Miss Eyre.” He continued. “ You dont relax or laugh very much, perhaps because of the effect Lowood school has had on you. But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, and speak freely. Youre like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, youll fly very high. Good night.”531At the beginning Miss Eyre 's impressions of Mr. Rochester were all EXCEPT _. AbusyBsociableCfriendlyDchangeable32In “. and all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house,” , the word “about” means _.AaroundBonCoutsideDconcerning33Why did Mr. Rochester say “. and then you stab me in the back!” ABecause Jane had intended to kill him with a knife.BBecause Jane had intended to be more critical.CBecause Jane had regretted having talked to him.DBecause Jane had said something else to correct herself.34. From what Mr. Rochester told Miss Eyre, we can conclude that he wanted to _. Atell her all his troublesBtell her his life experience Cchange her opinion of him Dchange his circumstances35. At the end of the passage, Mr. Rochester sounded _. ArudeBcoldCfriendlyDencouragingPASSAGE FOURThe ideal companion machine the computer would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities that make interaction with other people enjoyable would be imitated as closely as possible, and the machine would appear to be charming, and easygoing. Its informal conversational style would make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intimate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful, well-timed friendship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend.An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of the benefits that people obtain from interpersonal friendships. The machine would participate in interesting conversation that could continue from6previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the users life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The computers own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.36Which of the following is NOT a feature of the ideal companion machine?AActive in communication.BAttractive in personality.CEnjoyable in performance.DUnpredictable in behavior.37The computer would develop friendships with humans in a (n) _ way.AquickBunpredictableCproductiveDinconspicuous38Which of the following aspects is NOT mentioned when the passage discusses the benefits of artificial relationships?ABeing able to pick up an interesting conversation.BBeing sensitive to earlier contact.CBeing ready to learn about the person's life.DHaving a pleasant and adaptable personality.39Throughout the passage, the author is _in his attitude toward the computer.AfavorableBcriticalCvagueDhesitant40Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage?AArtificial RelationshipsBHow to Form Intimate RelationshipsCThe Affectionate MachineDHumans and ComputersPART III. CLOZE (0.5×20=10)There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should choose the ONE for each blank that best fits into the passage. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Organized volunteering and work experience has long been a vital companion to university degree courses. Usually it is left to _41_ to deduce the potential from a list of extracurricular adventures on a graduate's resume, _42_ now the University of Bristol has launched an award to formalize the achievements of students who _43_ time to activities outside their courses. Bristol PluS aims to boost students in an increasingly _44_ job market by helping them acquire work and life skills alongside _45_ qualifications.“Our students are a pretty active bunch, but we found that they didn't _46_ appreciate the value of what they did _47_ the lecture hall,“ says Jeff Goodman, director of careers and employ-ability at the university. “Employers are much more _48_ than they used to be. They used to look for _49_ and saw it as part of7their job to extract the value of an applicant's skills. Now they want s