杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命题 纸2012 年 考试科目代码 841 考试科目名称 综合英语（二） （本考试科目共 10 页，第 1 页）杭 州 师 范 大 学2012 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码： 841 考试科目名称： 综合英语（二）说明：1、命题时请按有关说明填写清楚、完整；2、命题时试题不得超过周围边框；3、考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负；I. Fill in the blanks with proper words given below and write the correct ones on your answer sheet: 10 %Washington is again seeking to increase pressure on Beijing to allow its currency to rise against the dollar, with 1 growing in Congress to consider legislation aimed at reducing the US trade deficit with China. US pressure over the Chinese currency has been 2 since last July when China revalued the Renminbi by 2 per cent and 3 its decade-long exchange rate peg to the dollar. But the Bush administration and members of Congress are 4 that the Renminbi has since been allowed to rise by less than 1 per cent against the dollar. While Chinese officials have consistently 5 international criticism of their currency 6 , Wu Xiaoling, vice-governor of the Peoples Bank of China, admitted that Beijing needed to open its capital account further to create more foreign exchange demand and a more market-oriented exchange rate. Ms Wu told Caijing Magazine that China should boost 7 and encourage more companies to go 8 to reduce the countrys trade and investment surpluses.John Snow, US Treasury secretary, hinted strongly last week that his department was 9 formally to accuse China of being a “currency manipulator” in its next report on trade and exchange rates, saying the regime that Beijing introduced last summer had not led to 10 flexibility. 杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命题 纸2012 年 考试科目代码 841 考试科目名称 综合英语（二） （本考试科目共 10 页，第 2 页）II. Proof reading 10%The passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it and write the correct ones on your answer sheet.We often speak language as a vehicle of expressiona metaphor that can 1._illumine many aspects of our foreign-languages teaching situation. 2._Language is a vehicle of meaning that we do not even realize we are used; 3._in other words, a vehicle that is transporting a persons message to somewhere 4._but is not itself the object of the trip. After students can use such a 5._vehicle for their purposes they must be constructed, and this construction 6._requires blueprint and various stages of production, with tryouts 7._as the various of sections and combinations are assembled tryouts 8. _during what has been assembled to date is used, if only 9._momentarily, for its ultimate purpose. By our language vehicle 10._this ultimate purpose is expression: people revealing themselves to, or disguising or hiding themselves from, other people. IIIRead the following passages. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D, and write the correct ones on your answer sheet. 20%A) threats I) softenedB) broke J) exportsC) rejected K) hesitant D) likely L) disappointedE) considered M) abroadF) greater N) importsG) management O) wider H) remarks杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命题 纸2012 年 考试科目代码 841 考试科目名称 综合英语（二） （本考试科目共 10 页，第 3 页）Passage OneJoseph and Hannah Brown appeared to be indestructible. For as long as I could remember they had lived together in the same house by the common. They had lived there, it was said, for fifty years; which seemed to me for ever. They had raised a large family and sent them into the world, and had continued to live on alone, with nothing left of their noisy brood save some dog-eared letters and photographs.The old couple were as absorbed in themselves as lovers, content and self-contained; they never left the village or each other's company, they lived as snug as two podded chestnuts. By day blue smoke curled up from their chimney, at night the red windows glowed; the cottage, when we passed it, said 'Here live the Browns,' as though that were part of nature.Though white and withered, they were active enough, but they ordered their lives without haste. The old woman cooked, and threw grain to the chickens, and hung out her washing on bushes; the old man fetched wood and chopped it with a billhook, did a bit of gardening now and then, or just sat on a seat outside his door and gazed at the valley; or slept. When summer came they bottled fruit, and when winter came they ate it. They did nothing more than was necessary to live, but did it fondly, with skill - then sat together in their clock-ticking kitchen enjoying their half-century of silence. Whoever called to see them was welcomed gravely, be it man or beast or child; and to me they resembled two tawny insects, slow but deft in their movements; a little foraging, some frugal feeding, then any amount of stillness. They spoke to each other without raised voices, in short chirrups as brief as bird-song, and when they moved about in their tiny kitchen they did so smoothly and blind, gliding on worn, familiar rails, never bumping or obstructing each other. They were fond, pink-faced, and alike as cherries, having taken and merged, through their years together, each other's looks and accents.It seemed that the old Browns belonged for ever, and that the miracle of their survival was made commonplace by the durability of their love - if one should call it love, such a balance. Then suddenly, within the space of two days, feebleness took them both. It was as though two machines, wound up and synchronized, had run down at exactly the same time. Their interdependence was so legendary we didn't notice their plight at first. But after a week, not having been seen about, some neighbours thought it best to call. They found old Hannah on the kitchen floor feeding her man with a spoon. He was lying in a corner half-covered with matting, and they were both too weak to stand. She had chopped up a plate of peelings, she said, as she hadn't been able to manage the fire. But they were all right really, just a touch of the damp; they'd do, and it didn't matter.杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命题 纸2012 年 考试科目代码 841 考试科目名称 综合英语（二） （本考试科目共 10 页，第 4 页）Well, the Authorities were told; the Visiting Spinsters got busy; and it was decided they would have to be moved. They were too frail to help each other now, and their children were too scattered, too busy. There was but one thing to be done; it was for the best; they would have to be moved to the Workhouse.The old couple were shocked and terrified, and lay clutching each other's hands. 'The Workhouse' - always a word of shame, grey shadow falling on the close of life, most feared by the old (even when called The Infirmary); abhorred more than debt, or prison, or beggary, or even the stain of madness.Hannah and Joseph thanked the Visiting Spinsters but pleaded to be left at home, to be left as they wanted, to cause no trouble, just simply to stay together. The Workhouse could not give them the mercy they needed, but could only divide them in charity. Much better to hide, or die in a ditch, or to starve in one's familiar kitchen, watched by the objects one's life had gathered - the scrubbed empty table, the plates and saucepans, the cold grate, the white stopped clock.'You'll be well looked after,' the Spinsters said, 'and you'll see each other twice a week.' The bright busy voices cajoled with authority and the old couple were not trained to defy them. So that same afternoon, white and speechless, they were taken away to the Workhouse. Hannah Brown was put to bed in the Women's Wing, end Joseph lay in the Men's. It was the first time, in all their fifty years, that they had ever been separated. They did not see each other again, for in a week they both were dead.1. At the beginning of the story, the old coupleA. depended on their family for their livelihoodB. lived by doing small jobs for their neighboursC. looked after themselves quite wellD. were still as vigorous and hard-working as ever2. The main impression a visitor had of them was that theyA. always gave him a warm welcomeB. never got in each other's way, despite their awkward movementsC. never spoke to each otherD. were alike in speech and movement3. When the neighbours found them, the old coupleA. didn't seem greatly concernedB. no longer had the strength to eatC. were both laid out on the floor杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命题 纸2012 年 考试科目代码 841 考试科目名称 综合英语（二） （本考试科目共 10 页，第 5 页）D. were in despair4. From the writer's point of view, the attitude of the Authorities wasA. cruel and vindictiveB. irresponsible and carelessC. natural and sensibleD. well-meaning but unimaginative5. Faced with the prospect of going to the Workhouse, Joseph andHannahA. hid when the Authorities tried to take them awayB. made up their minds to dieC. showed their ingratitude to the Visiting SpinstersD. were more afraid of being separated than of dyingPassage TwoIt is rightly said that “the sun has long set on the British Empire , but it is a different story for the language of that nation. English is expanding its reach in dramatic fashion. Using the channels of business and space, the language is breaking free and breaking over cultural barriers.”It is an unprecedented linguistic phenomenon, “unique in the history of the world,” stated Braj Kachru, an Indian linguist recognised as one of the foremost authorities on the use of English. But the most interesting point brought up by Kachru is his observation that, as English steadily becomes more and more an international language, it is now Englishes which have taken root in many countries, rather than strictly the British or American English that foreign students devoted their efforts to a generation or two ago. Thus Malaysia, Pakistan, India, Nigeria, the Caribbean, and the Philippines are among the host of nations often mentioned as having their own forms of English widely used domestically. Although English is not so widely used in countries such as Japan and those of Latin America, it is nevertheless widely taught for its usefulness as a window to the outside world. In China alone, there are easily more people studying or using English in one way or another than the total population of the United Kingdom. An official may personally dislike English because he doesnt know it, but will do his best to see his children have a good command of English, knowing how much it will mean for their future.The globalisation of English has long since run beyond the mother country itself. Unlike the Latin based languages of French and Spanish, the English language has 杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命题 纸2012 年 考试科目代码 841 考试科目名称 综合英语（二） （本考试科目共 10 页，第 6 页）never had an official academy to determine whats acceptable in the language and whats not. Attempts to form one have never been successful. One result is “a very big part of the worlds English speaking activity takes place completely within the realm of non-native speakers.” The late professor Stevens of Cambridge University predicted: “English will be taught mostly by non-native speakers, to non-native speakers, in order to communicate with non-native speakers.” One sees this happening in Hong Kong, mainland China and all over the world.Also true is what Stanford Universitys Charles Ferguson wrote more than 20 years ago. “English is less and less regarded as a European language, and its development is less and less determined by the usage of its native speakers.” We leave to futurists whether too much local adaptation will bring about the decay of the English language. For his part and his views on “world Englishes” Kachru contends that he was “not attaching a value judgement, but just stating realities.”If it is accepted that one of the realities is “English is less and less regarded as a European language,” it follows that when people learn English nowadays it is not wholly for the purpose of talking to native speakers or to somehow become a part of a Western culture.“The spread of English,” said Larry Smith from Honolulu University, “is not a factor which causes cultural differences to disappear, but offers a medium to express and explain these differences.” Seen in this light the international appeal of English could well serve as a vehicle for the mutual enrichment rather than the clash of civilisations.6. Which of the following may be inferred from the text:a. Latin based languages are more difficult to learnb. French and Spanish should not be used as international languagesc. It is advantageous to have an academy setting language standardsd. None of the above7. The author suggests:a) English is no longer a European languageb) Any countries have their own style of Englishc) English development should be determined by native speakersd) Using English leads to the Westernisation of many countries8. Which of the following may be inferred from the passage?a) Local adaptation will ruin the purity of the English language in the long runb) More English speaking activities will be done by non-native English speakers 杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命题 纸2012 年 考试科目代码 841 考试科目名称 综合英语（二） （本考试科目共 10 页，第 7 页）c) More and more people are learning English to communicate with native speakersd) No official academies can succeed in controlling the use of languages9. According to Kachrua) English is having difficulty breaking through cultural barriersb) The spread of English is causing cultural differences to disappearc) A generation or two ago British and American English were the standard forms learntd) Pakistan English is completely different to British and American English10. One can infer thata) Globalisation of English is running out of controlb) English may serve as a vehicle for mutual enrichment between nationsc) Most officials are trying to learn some basic Englishd) The British Empire is still strongIV. Reading and writing: 30%Read the following passage and decide whether the statements after the passage are true or false.（10%）. Write a summary of the Passage within 80-100 words （20%）. Write your answers on your answer sheet.At any given time, more than a million international students around the world are engaged in the study of the English language in a predominantly English-speaking country. The five most popular destinations, in order of popularity, are the US, Britain, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. The reasons for choosing to study English abroad differ with each individual, as do the reasons for the choice of destination.Numerous studies conducted in Britain and the United States show that the country of choice depends to a large extent on economic factors. While this should not provoke much surprise, careful analysis of the data suggests that students and their parents are most influenced by the preconcepti