2014年天津外国语大学翻译硕士真题I. Translate the following words and expressions into the respective target language (40 points).1.shadow banking 影子银行2. drones 无人机3. Edward Snowden 爱德华·斯诺登4. federal deficit 联邦赤字5. Likonomics 李克强经济学6. toxic politics 毒性政治，有毒政治7. all-time high 最高纪录8. Learning City 学习型城市9. puppy love 早恋，初恋10. Schengen Visa 申根签证(签署申根协定的欧洲国家所发出的签证)11. subway salmon 抢上地铁的人12. selfie 自拍13. Obamamania 奥巴马狂热14. connotation 含义,隐含意义15. cohesion and coherence 衔接与连贯16. discourse analysis 语篇分析17. translation studies 翻译研究18. Esperanto 世界语19. denotation 指称;指称之物;指称意义;外延20. GMO crops 转基因作物(Genetically modified crops )21. 中国梦 chinese dream22. 反“四风”运动 “Four Winds” campaign combat formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and extravagance23. 光盘行动 clear your plate campaign24. 城镇化 urbanization25. 中国式过马路 Chinese style of crossing road26. 幸福指数 Happiness Index27.“中国好声音” The Voice of China28. 机构改革 Institutional reform29. 雾霾 haze30. 十八届三中全会 the 3rd Plenary Session of 18th Communist Party of China Central Committee31.正能量 Positive Energy32. 创新驱动发展战略 the strategy of innovation-driven development33. 中华文化“走出去” Chinese Culture's Going-out Strategy34. 常住人口 permanent population35. 海淘 Overseas online shopping36. 不靠谱 unreliable37. 奢侈品牌 luxury brand38. 黄金周 golden week39. 群众路线 the mass line40.照镜子、正衣冠、洗洗澡、治治病 Watch from the mirror, groom oneself, take a bath and seek remediesII. Translate the following two source texts into their respective target language. (110 points)Source Text 1: (55 points)Economies of scope are conceptually similar to economies of scale. Whereas economies of scale for a firm primarily refers to reductions in the average cost (cost per unit) associated with increasing the scale of production for a single product type, economies of scope refers to lowering the average cost for a firm in producing two or more products. Here,economies of scope make product diversification efficient if they are based on the common and recurrent use of proprietary know-how or on an indivisible physical asset. For example, as the number of products promoted is increased, more people can be reached per unit of money spent. At some point, additional advertising expenditure on new products may become less effective (an example of diseconomies of scope). Related examples include distribution of different types of products, product bundling, product lining, and family branding.If a sales force sells several products, it can often do so more efficiently than if it is selling only one product. The cost of its travel time is distributed over a greater revenue base, so cost efficiency improves. There can also be synergies between products such that offering a range of products gives the consumer a more desirable product offering than would a single product.Economies of scope can also operate through distribution efficiencies: it can be more efficient to ship a range of products to any given location than to ship a single type of product to that location. Further economies of scope occur when there are cost savings arising from byproducts in the production process. An example would be the benefits of heating from energy production having a positive effect on agricultural yields. A company that sells many product lines sells in many countries, or both will benefit from reduced risk levels as a result of its economies of scope. If one of its product lines falls out of fashion or if one country has an economic slowdown, the company will likely be able to continue trading. Not all economists agree on the importance of economies of scope. Some argue that the concept applies only to certain industries, and then only rarely.Source Text 2: (55 points)现在看手机、网络的越来越多，读报的渐渐少了，有人说将来报纸会不会消失?我们当今的社会还是报纸等传统媒体和网络等新媒体并存，体现了两种不同的生活方式。一种人只看网不看报，一种人只看报不会上网，当然还有两种兼顾。年轻人往往只看网络，不读报纸，这和生活工作方式有关，上网办公、交谈、收发邮件，顺手搜一下各类新闻，很便捷;以为时下的新闻知道了，就不去翻报纸。但我觉得不读报是会有损失的。因为有些报纸能给你的东西不全在网上，网络上更多的是即时的信息碎片，更丰富的生活血肉和富于原创性的、有深度的文章还是需要从报纸等纸质媒体来获取。还有，我总觉得一个人的修养很难在电脑前形成。需要在一些实际的文化空间里渐渐体验与形成，比如博物馆、画廊、剧场以及各种各样的交际，还有读书看报。我想，如果我们的报办得好，读报将来在中国也会成为生活和文化方式之一，一个丰富的社会不会只要一种生活和文化的方式。