2021年考研英语二模拟题（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Motorways are, no doubt the safest roads in Britain. Mile 1_ mile, vehicle for vehicle, you are much 2_ likely to be killed or seriously injured than on an ordinary road. On 3_ hand, if you do have a serious accident on a motorway, fatalities are much more likely to 4 _ than in a comparable accident 5_ on the roads. Motorways have no 6_ bends, no roundabouts or traffic lights and 7_ speeds are much greater than on other roads. Though the 70 mph limit is 8_ in force, it is often treated with the contempt that most drivers have for the 30 mph limit applying in built up areas in Britain. Added to this is the fact that motorway drivers seem to like traveling in groups with perhaps 9_ ten meters between each vehicle. The resulting horrific pile-ups10_ one vehicle stops for some reason-mechanical failure, driver error and so on-have become all 11_ familiar through pictures in newspapers or on television. How 12 _ of these drivers realize that it takes a car about one hundred meters to brake to a stop 13_ 70mph? Drivers also seem to think that motorway driving gives them complete protection from the changing weather. 14_wet the road, whatever the visibility in mist or fog, they 15_ at ridiculous speeds oblivious of police warnings or speed restrictions 16_ their journey comes to a conclusion. Perhaps one remedy 17_ this motorway madness would be better driver education. At present, learner drivers are barred 18_ motorways and are thus as far as this kind of driving is 19_ , thrown in at the deep end. However, much more efficient policing is required, 20 _it is the duty of the police not only to enforce the law but also to protect the general public from its own foolishness.1. A. for B.after C.to D. by2. A. more B.far C.less D.lesser3. A. another B.other C.one D.the other4. A. come up B.occur C.be found D.arise5.A.everywhere B.elsewhere C.anywhere D.somewhere 6. A. pointed B.steep C.vertical D.sharp7. A. thus B.then C.so D.thereupon8. A. yet B.even C.still D.subsequently9. A. utterly B.simply C.barely D.purely10. A. because B.since C.when D.for11. A. too B.also C.unduly D.unreasonably12. A. many B.much C.deeply D.profoundly13.A. to B.from C.at D.for14. A. Whatever B.However C.Whoever D.How15. A. push B.rake C.till D.plough16.A.unlessB.beforeC.thusD.until 17.A.toB.forC.ofD.on 18. A. from B.against C.away D.off19. A. related B.considered C.concerned D.touched20. A. but B.then C.them D.forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City. For a long time it has been the newspaper of record in the United States and one of the worlds great newspaper. Its strength is in its editorial excellence; it has never been the largest newspaper in terms of circulation.The Times was established in 1851 as a penny paper whose editors wanted to report the news in a restrained and objective fashion. It enjoyed early success as its editors set a pattern for the future by appealing to a cultured, intellectual readership instead of a mass audience. However, in the late nineteenth century, it came into competition with more popular, colorful, if not lurid, newspapers, the Times was losing $ 1,000 a week when Adolph Simon Ochs bought it in 1896. Ochs built the Times into an internationally respected daily. He hired Carr Van Anda as editor. Van Anda placed greater stress than ever on full reporting of the news of the day, and his reporters maintained and emphasized existing good coverage of international news. The management of the paper decided to eliminate fiction from the paper, added a Sunny magazine section, and reduced the papers price back to a penny. In April 1912, the paper took many risks to report every aspect of the sinking of the Titanic. This greatly enhanced its prestige, and in its coverage of two world wars, the Times continued to enhance its reputation for excellence in world news.In 1971, the Times was given a copy of the so-called “Pentagon Papers”, a secret government study of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. When it published the report, it became involved in several lawsuits. The U.S. Supreme Court found that the publication was protected by the freedom-of the-press clause in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Later in the 1970s, the paper under Adolph Ochss grandson, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, introduced sweeping changes in the organization of the newspaper and its staff and brought out a national edition transmitted by satellite to regional printing plants.21.What is the main idea of the passage?A) The New York Times publishes the best fiction by American writers. B)The New York Times became highly respected throughout the world.C)The New York Times broadcasts its news to TV stations via satellite. D)The New York Times lost its prestige after the Vietnam War.22.From the passage, it can be inferred that the circulation of the Times _. A)is not the largest in the worldB)is not the best in the worldC)is the smallest in the worldD)is the worst in the world23.To improve its circulation, the management of the Times did all of the following EXCEPT _. A)emphasized good coverage of international newsB)added a Sunday magazine section C)increased the number of lurid stories, even if they were not trueD)eliminated fiction from the paper24.The passage implies that the newspapers reputation _.A)decreased when it lowered its price to a pennyB)increased because of its coverage of the Titanics sinkingC)grew because Adolph Ochs bought it in 1896D)decreased because it could not compete with other New York papers25.According to the passage, the Times had a national edition that was _.A)protected by the Supreme CourtB)printed in the form f a Sunday magazineC)shipped by train and air transport dailyD)transmitted by satellite to regional printing plantsText 2Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its motivating force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition and competition is stressful; it is often at its most intense in the largest cities, where opportunities are greatest. The presence of large numbers of people inevitably involves more conflict, more traveling, the overloading of public services and exposure to those deviants and criminals who are drawn to the rich pickings of great cities. Crime has always flourished in the relative anonymity of urban life. But todays ease of movement makes its control more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that its extent has a direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers may become trapped in their homes by the fear of crime around them.As a defense against these developments, city dwellers tend to use various strategies to try and reduce the pressures upon themselves: contacts with other people are generally made brief and impersonal; doors are kept locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory; journeys outside the home are usually hurried, rather than a source of pleasure. There are other strategies too, which are positively harmful to the individual; for example, reducing awareness through drugs or alcohol. Furthermore, all these defensive forms of behaviour are harmful to society in general; they cause widespread loneliness and destroy the communitys concern for its members. Lack of informal social contact and indifference to the misfortunes of others, if they are not personally known to oneself, are amongst the major causes of urban crime. 26.According to the author, living in a city causes stress because there are so many people who are _.anxious to succeedB) in need of helpC) naturally aggressiveD) likely to commit crime27.The author thinks that crime is increasing in cities because _. people do not communicate with their neighborscriminals are difficult to trace in large populationpeople feel anonymous therethe trappings of success are attractive to criminals28.According to the article, what is the worst problem facing people living in the cities?A) crime.B) finding somewhere to live.C) loneliness.D) drug-taking and alcoholism.29. The biggest incentive to live in a city is _ . A) rewardsB) stress C) competitionD) money30. According to the author, crime is caused by several factors, one of which is_ . A) social isolationB) defensive behaviour C) hurried journeysD) personal misfortuneText 3In the United States it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it is a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.In social life, time plays a very important part. In the United States, guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But this is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten.The meanings of time differ in different parts of the world. Thus, the misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life. For example, if people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, and it would be too impolite. When equals meet, a person who is five minutes late is expected to make a short apology. If he is less than five minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence. To Americans, forty minutes of waiting is the beginning of the “insult period”. No matter what is said in an apology, there is little that can remove the damage done by an hours wait. Yet in some other countries, a forty minute waiting period was not unusual. Instead of being the very end of the allowable waiting scale, it was just the beginning.Since time has different meanings in different cultures, communication is often difficult. We will understand each other a little better if we can keep this in mind.31. The word “customary” in Para. 1 is closest in meaning to _. A) usualB) virtual C) practical D) imaginary32. In terms of promptness Americans _. A) wait longer than in other countries B) apologize for being late for 40 minutes C) are more polite than people in other countries D) give an explanation for being a little bit late33. When Americans send an invitation they often send it _. A) 3 or 4 days in advance B) a week in advance C) 1 day in advance D) more than 10 days in advance34. It can be inferred from the passage that in some countries_. A) it is common to wait for an hour for an appointment B) explanations for being late are cut short C) apologies are never made for being late D) people are irresponsible35. This passage mainly concerns_. A) time and manners B) promptness C) cultural differences between the East and the West D) rules of timeText 4People have been donating blood since the early twentieth century to help accident victims and patients undergoing surgical procedures. Usually a pint of whole blood is donated, and it is divided into platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells. People can donate blood (for red blood cells) about once every two weeks.Transfusing the blood from the donor to the recipient is straightforward. It involves taking the blood from a donors arm vein by means of a hypodermic syringe. The blood flows through a plastic tube to a collection bag or bottle that contains sodium citrate, which prevents the blood from clotting.When the blood is given to a patient, a plastic tube and hypodermic needle are connected to the recipients arm. The blood flows down from the container by gravity. This is a slow process and may last as long as 2 hours to complete the infusion of blood into the recipient. The patient is protected from being infected during the transfusion. Only sterile containers, tubing, and needles are used, and this helps ensure that transfused or stored blood is not exposed to disease-causing bacteria. Negative reactions to transfusions are not unusual. The recipient may suffer an allergic reaction or be sensitive to donor leukocytes. Some may suffer from an undetected red-cell incompatibility. Unexplained reactions are also fairly common. Although they are rare, other causes of such negative reactions include contaminated blood, air bubbles in the blood, overloading of the circulatory system through administration of excess blood, or sensitivity to donor plasma or platelets.Today, hospitals and blood banks go to great lengths to screen all blood donors and their blood. All donated blood is routinely and rigorously tested for diseases, such as HIV (which causes AIDS), hepatitis B, and syphilis. When the recipient is a newborn or an infant, the blood is usually irradiated to eliminate harmful elements. Donated blood is washed, and the white blood cells and platelets are removed.36.According to the passage, how often can people donate blood for red blood cells?A) Every four months.B)Every three months.C)Every two months.D)Every month.37.Which sentence in Para. 2 explains how clotting is prevented in the blood container?A) The first sentence.B)The second sentence.C)The third sentence.D)None of the above.38.What answer choice is closest in the meaning to the word “undetected” in Para. 4?A) Not wanted.B)Not captured.C)Not found.D)Not illustrated.39.All of the following are mentioned as potential negative reactions to transfusions EXCEPT _.A)allergiesB)red-cell incompatibilityC)bubbles in the airD)sensitivity to donor l