2018年硕士研究生招生考试（初试）试题单 科目代码：615科目名称：基础英语说明：1.本试题为招生单位自命题科目。2. 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题单上的一律无效。3. 考生答题时不必抄题，但必须写明题号。4. 本试题共计4 大题，满分150分。【本试题共计17页，此为第1页】 Part I Multiple ChoiceDirection: Read the following sentences. Choose the best word(s) for each blankand write the corresponding letter A), B), C), or D) on the answer sheet.Section A (24 points)1. She can, t remember committing the murder, although all the facts point toher A) guiltB) intentionC) ViolenceD) victim2. Still, in their journal articles,these researchers are about tellingpeople to give up dieting.A) accurateB) cautiousC) apparentD) aware3. Darren has decided to give football at the end of this season.A) inB) forC) offD) up4. The fire was started when a passing motorist carelessly out of his car.A) attachedB) shookC) tosseda cigaretteD) turned科目代码：615科目名称：基础英语共17页第5页 5. I went to the photo shop to have my photos to cover my walls at home.A) enlargedB) adjustedC) adoptedD) affordedA) regardB) countingC) accountD) observation6. He looked the pile, trying to decide which one to pick.A) uponB) outC) throughD) in7. Just as the train was in,there was a shoutand someone fell ontothe track.A) arrivingB) pullingC) reachingD) turning8. These werethe people who using force tostop violence.A) advocatedB) arguedC) intendedD) offended9. Such thoughts will the way the courts decide on what sentence to passon the accused.A) effectB) impressC) absorbD) affect10. Most people believe that he is quite of lying to get out of trouble.A) capableB) enabledC) ableD) skilled11. The writer clearly his readers to identify with the main character.A) tendsB) extendsC) intendsD) designs12. Their insecurities too often the managers of invaluable support,just when they needed it most.A) stoleB) revealedC)omittedD) robbedSection B (11 points)13. People speak him as the best knownhumorouswriter of all times.A) toB) ofC)withD) for14. As a boy Mark Twain used to play practical jokes all friends andneighbors.A) onB) ofC) withD) at15. Quiteoften r ve gone to a man who didnt tell me Adam.A) fromB) withC) toD) of16. Untilthen, his family from him for six months.A) didn，thearB) hasn, t been hearingC) hasn，theardD) hadn，t heard17. Instead of trying to imitate reality in their works, many artists of theearly twentieth century their feelings and ideas in abstract art.A) in the beginning to revealB) began to revealC) revealed the beginningD) to begin revealing18. You can guess that there，s not a man, woman or child that I don，t know sight.A) withB) in0 byD) through19. The next thing happened was that something hitme terribly hard onthe back ofthe head.A) thatB) whatC) whichD)there20. It tookhim several months to the wild horse.A) tendB) cultivateC) breedD)tame21. They prefer to repeat their success, rather than failure.A) riskB) riskingC) to riskD)risked22. Richard Nixon has always been regarded a man of great talent and strongwill.A) asB) likeC) forD) of23. I hope myteacher will take my recent illness into when judging myexamination.Part II Cloze (20 points)Direction: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and write the corresponding letter A), B), C), or D) on the answer sheet.The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 24 to say it anyway. He is that 25 bird, a scientist who works independently 26 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 27 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.28 he, however, might tremble at the 29 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 30 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 31 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 32 12-15 points above the 33 value of 100, and have contributed 34 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 35 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 36 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 37 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 38 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 39 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 40 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence anddiseases are inti mat e1y 41 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 42 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resultedin this 43 state of affairs. 科目代码：615科目名称：基础英语共17页 第17页24. A)selectedB)preparedC)obligedD)pleased25. A)uniqueB)particularC)specialD)rare26. A)ofB)withC)inD)against27. A)subsequentlyB)presentlyC)previouslyD)lately28. A)OnlyB)SoC)EvenD)Hence29. A)thoughtB)sightC)costD)risk30. A)advisesB)suggestsC)protestsD)objects31. A)progressB)factC)needD)question32. A)attainingB)scoringC)reachingD)calculating33. A)normalB)commonC)meanD)total34. A)unconsciouslyB)disproportionatelyC)indefinitelyD)unaccountably35. A)missionsB)fortunesC)interestsD)careers36. A)affirmB)witnessC)observeD)approve37. A)moreoverB)thereforeC)howeverD)meanwhile38. A)given upB)got overC)carried onD)put down39. A)assessingB)supervisingC)administering D)valuing40. A)developmentB)originC)consequenceD)instrument41. A)linkedB)integratedC)wovenD)combined42. A)limitedB)subjectedC)convertedD)directed43. A)paradoxicalB)incompatibleC)inevitableD)continuousPart IIlReading ComprehensionSection A Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A), B), C), or D). Write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet. (40 points)Text OneSustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients（营养成分）captured in the product it was relatively inefficient.Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safe and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat （栖 息地）loss and to diminishing biodiversity.What s more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. Yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions.All this means that agriculture in the 21stcentury will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact" . The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which center on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons(正反两方面)of all the various way land is used. There are many- different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.44. How do people often measure progress in agriculture?A) ByitsproductivityB) ByitssustainabilityC) Byitsimpact on the environmentD) Byitscontribution toeconomicgrowth45. Specialisation and the effort to increase yields have resulted in .A) Localised pollutionB) the shrinking of farmlandC) competition from overseasD) the decrease of biodiversity46. What does the author think of traditional farming practices?A) They have remained the same over the centuriesB) They have not kept pace with population growthC) They are not necessarily sustainableD) They are environmentally friendly47. What will agriculture be like in the 21st centuryA) It will go through radical changesB) It will supply more animal productsC) It will abandon traditional farming practicesD) It will cause zero damage to the environment48. What is the author, s purpose in writing this passage?A) To remind people of the need of sustainable developmentB) To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food productionC) To advance new criteria for measuring farming progressD) To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture isText TwoThe percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United states has been creeping upward for years. At 12. 6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid 1920s.We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America s bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educationaland professional attainment, than their parents UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don t continue. Indeed, the fouth generation is marginally worse off than the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants. Tells fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks一that large parts of the community may become mired（陷入）in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to （降入）segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people , once outsiders , don, t forever remain marginalized within these shores.That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest ware of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.49. How were immigrants viewed by U. S. Congress in early days?A） They were of inferior races.B) They were a Source of political corruption.C) They were a threat to the nation" s security.D) They were part of the nation s bloodstream.50. What does the author think of the new immigrants?A) They will be a dynamic work force in the U. S.B) They can do just as well as their predecessors.C) They will be very disappointed on the new land.D) They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.51. What does Edward Telles research say about Mexican-Americans?A) They may slowly improve from generation to generation.B) They will do better in terms of educational attainment.C) They will melt into the African-American community.D) They may forever remain poor and underachieving.52. What should be done to help the new immigrants?A)Rid them of their inferiority complex.B)Urge them to adopt American customs.Prevent them from being marginalized.D)Teach them standard American English.53. According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigrationis A)How todeal with people entering the U. S. without documentsB)How tohelp immigrants to better fit into American societyHow tostop illegal immigrants from crossing the borderD)How tolimit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.Text ThreeImagine waking up and finding the value of your assets has been halved. No, you re not an investor in one of those hedge funds that failed completely. With the dollar slumping to a 26-year low against the pound, already-expensive London has become quite unaffordable. A coffee at Starbucks, just as unavoidable in England as it is in the United States, runs about $8.The once all-powerful dollar isn t doing a Titanic against just