2018年翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷) *学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语 考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。 I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%) Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. People and things that are_ are able to recover easily and quickly from unpleasant or damaging events. A. resilient B. silient C. silent D. resilent 2. We all got a pay rise this month, but there is _we are expected to work longer.A. the sting in the tail B. a sting in the tail C. the sting at the top D. a sting at the top3. In education, girls, who were once considered _a decent education, now outstrip their male counterparts at almost every stage.A. more worthy of B. less worthy of C. more worth D. less worth4. Hes jogging round the park every morning in an effort to _the football season.A. fit of B. fit for C. get fit for D. get fit of 5. A liberal arts college aims to impart a broad general knowledge and develop general _capacities, in contrast to a professional, vocational, or technical curriculum.A. intellectual B. intelligent C. intellect D. intelligible 6. Mr. Rajoy has _ a Socialist proposal to set up a congressional committee to discuss constitutional reform.A. agreed with B. agreed to C. agreed on D agreed7. The names of the finalists are_: Mary, James, and George. A. as following B. as follows C. following D. as follow8. The man as well as his ten children _ leaving soon. A. is B. are C. has D. have9. John Joseph Pershing _in 1919, the first highest rank held by any American citizen except George Washington.A. to be a full general B. he made a full generalC. made a full general D. was being made a full general10. It is the mark of an educated mind to rest _ with the degree of precision which the nature of the subject _ and not to seek exactness where only an approximation is possible.A. fitfully . allows B. contentedly . rejects C. convivially .assumes D. satisfiedly. admits11. It is odd that many philosophers argue in support of meritocracy that a persons worth to society is measured by their wealth, when instead peoples _ should be measured by their _ to society.A. character .value B. affluence . contributionC. reputation . consideration D. behavior . adjustment 12. The flexibility of film allows the artist _ unbridled imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.A. to bring B. bringing C. bring D. brought13. Their movements have been severely circumscribed _.A. because the laws came into effect B. since the laws came into effect C. when the laws came into effect D. after the laws came into effect14. It would be difficult for a man of his political affiliation, _, to become a senator from the South.A. though charming and capable is heB. even with charm and so capableC. charming and having capabilityD. however charming and capable15. Although she _ law for only a little over eight years, Florence Allen became in 1922 the first woman to sit on a state supreme court.A. will practice B. practices C. had practiced D. has been practiced16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for _ with which to regulate them.A. more accurate than sundials B. more accurate sundialsC. sundials more accurately D. more accurately than sundials17. Several surgeons cautioned against _ the new procedure, _that patient had been kept in the dark too long about its possible catastrophic consequences.A. publicizing .adding B. adopting . complainingC. revising . advocating D. eschewing . pondering 18. Our friends are expected to assume the burden of their own defense, _ they are competent to do.A. which we are certain B. that we are certain of C. of which we are sure D. for which we are sure19. Families like _ Rockefellers have become synonymous with wealth.A. a B. an C. the D. /20. People believe in the resurrection of _ of a soul which will experience good or evil according to the life.A. the dead of the possession B. the deaths and possession C. deaths and possessions D. the dead and the possession21. “How did you pay these workers?” “Well, as a rule, they were paid _”A. by hours B. by the hour C. by an hour D. by a hour22. As Socrates was a man of much dignity, with an _face, it was _ to say whether he felt inwardly glad that the end had finally come, or felt sad over the result, and was too manly to show it.A. obtuse . difficult B. unassuming . intriguingC. impassible . impossible D. authoritative . challenging23. “Did Hana say anything about me in her letter?” “Only that shed appreciate _ from you.”A. to hear B. hearing C. to have heard D. to be heard24. The university of Georigia, _ in 1785, was the first state-supported university in the united states.A. chartered B. was chartered C. it was chartered D. to be chartered25. The impact of Thoreaus “On the Duty of Civil Disobedience” might not have been so far-reaching, _ for Elizabeth Peabody, who dared to publish the controversial essay.A. it not having been B. it is not beingC. had it not been D. is it not being26. In her writing, Elinor Wylle often dealt with her own personality as it was, rather than _.A. as others defined it B. others definitionsC. its definition by others D. it was defined by others27. A clever bit of artistry, instead of lengthening the distance between us _ and the exalted artist, _ it.A. layman . attenuates B. dilettantes . repealsC. knaves . estimates D. critics . advertises28. Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human beings heart _wonders, the unfailing _ whats next and the joy of the game of living.A. the lure for . appetite of B. the lure of. appetite forC. the lure of . appetite of D. the lure for . appetite for29. The significant _ found on an old key“If I rest, I rust” would be an excellent motto for those who are afflicted with the slightest bit of idleness.A. inscription B. description C. inscript D. describing30. It is hard to_ all the work that must have been involved in starting off from scratch.A. conceive for B. conceive as C. conceive at D. conceive ofII. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are three passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there is one passage followed by a total of 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A Multiple-Choice Questions (30%)Passage 1Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. The Industrial Revolution had several roots, one of which was a commercial revolution that, beginning as far back as the sixteenth century, accompanied Europes expansion overseas. Both exports and imports showed spectacular growth, particularly in England and France. An increasingly larger portion of the stepped-up commercial activity was the result of trade with overseas colonies. Imports included a variety of new beverages, spices, and ships goods around the world and brought money flowing back. Europes economic institutions, particularly those in England, were strong, had wealth available for new investment, and seemed almost to be waiting for some technological breakthrough that would expand their profit-making potential even more.The breakthrough came in Great Britain, where several economic advantages created a climate especially favorable to the encouragement of new technology. One was its geographic location at the crossroads of international trade. Internally, Britain was endowed with easily navigable natural waterway, which helped its trade and communication with the world. Beginning in the 1770s, it enjoyed a boom in canal building, which helped make its domestic market more accessible. Because water transportation was the cheapest means of carrying goods to market, canals reduced prices and thus increased consumer demand. Great Britain also had rich deposits of coal that fed the factories springing up in industrial and consumer goods.Another advantage was Britains large population of rural, agricultural wage earners, as well as cottage workers, who had the potential of being more mobile than peasants of some other countries. Eventually they found their way to the cities or mining communities and provided the human power upon which the Industrial Revolution was built. The British people were also consumers; the absence of internal tariffs, such as those that existed in France or Italy or between the German states, made Britain the largest free-trade area in Europe. Britains relatively stable government also helped create an atmosphere conducive to industrial progress.31. The word “potential” in paragraph 1 is closet in meaning to _.A. rate B. dominance C. capacity D. method32. According to paragraph 1, all of the following conditions created a favorable environment for the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT _.A. an active overseas trade B. the stability of financial establishments C. a decline in the types of goods available for export D. the accessibility of money for investment33. According to paragraph 2, what enabled the development of British technology?A. an accessible water transportation system B. a mild climate and plenty of fresh water. C. a fuel supply that supported industrial growth.D. Both A and C.34. Paragraph 3 suggests that the Industrial Revolution did not originate outside Great Britain because _.A. the labor force in other countries could not as easily relocate to cities. B. workers in other countries preferred working independently rather than in groups. C. there was a lack of cooperation between agricultural and cottage workers in other countries. D. governments in other countries placed limits on economic gain.35. The phrase “conducive to” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.A. controlled by .B. favorable to .C. restricted to .D. dependent onPassage 2Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Tunas, mackerels, and billfishes (marlins, sailfishes, and swordfish) swim continuously. Feeding, courtship, reproduction, and even "rest" are carried out while in constant motion. As a result, practically every aspect of the body form and function of these swimming "machines" is adapted to enhance their ability to swim.Many of the adaptations of these fishes serve to reduce water resistance (drag). Interestingly enough, several of these hydrodynamic adaptations resemble features designed to improve the aerodynamics of high-speed aircraft. Though human engineers are new to the game, tunas and their relatives evolved their “high-tech” designs long ago.Tunas, mackerels, and billfishes have made streamlining into an art form. Their bodies are sleek and compact. The body shapes of tunas, in fact, are nearly ideal from an engineering point of view. Most species lack scales over most of the body, making it smooth and slippery. The eyes lie flush with the body and do not protrude at all. They are also covered with a slick, transparent lid that reduces drag. The fins are stiff, smooth, and narrow, qualities that also help cut drag. When not in use, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours. Airplanes retract their landing gear while in flight for the same reason.Tunas, mackerels, and billfishes have even more sophisticated adaptations than these to improve their hydrodynamics. The long bill of marlins, sailfishes, and swordfish probably helps them slip through the water. Many supersonic aircraft have a similar needle at the nose. Most tunas and billfishes have a series of keels and finlets near the tail. Although most of their scales have been lost, tunas and mackerels retain a patch of coarse scales near the head called the corselet. The keels, finlets, and corselet help direct the flow of water over the body surface in such as way as to reduce resistance. Again, supersonic jets have similar features.Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouths and water is forced in and over their gills. Accordingly, they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. In fact, tunas must swim to breathe. They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking, since most have largely or completely lost the swim bladder, the gas-filled sac that helps most other fish remain buoyant.36. The word “enhance” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.A. useB. improveC. counteractD. balance37. Why does the author mention that Airplanes retract their landing gear while in flight? A. To show that air resistance and water resistance work differently from each other. B. To argue that some fishes are better designed than airplanes are. C. To provide evidence that airplane engineers have studied the design of fish bodies. D. To demonstrate a similarity in design between certain fishes and airplanes. 38. The word “sophisticated” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _.A. complex B. amazing C. creative D. practical39. According to paragraph 4, the long bills of marlins, sailfish, and swordfish probably help these fishes by _. A. increasing their ability to defend themselvesB. allowing them to change direction easilyC. increasing their ability to detect odorsD. reducing water resistance as they swim40. According to the passage, which of the following is one of the reasons that tunas are in constant motion? A. They lack a swim bladder.B. They need to suck in more water than other fishes do. C. They have large muscles for breathing. D. They cannot open their mouths unless they are in motion.Passage 3Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Under t