长沙理工大学2020年硕士研究生复试考试试题考试科目：语言理论与分析考试科目代码：F1302注意：所有答案（含选择题、判断题、作图题等）一律答在答题纸上；写在试题纸上或 其他地点一律不给分。作图题可以在原试题图上作答，然后将图撕下来贴在答题纸上相 应位置。I. Define the following terms, (each 5 points; total 25 points)1. minimal pair2. conversational implicature3. overgeneralization4. prototype5. creoleII. Answer the following questions(each 15 points; total 30 points)1. What is semantic triangle? What relationship does it reveal between the objective world and the subjective world?2. a. Bill is going to go to college after all.b. Bill* s gonna go to college after all.What is the relationship between the italicized forms in the two sentences? Which form appears diachronically earlier? Does there lie universal rule across languages?III. Study and analyze the language data or facts in each task; some tasks are given example on how to analyze, and some are given many tips. Mark is assigned to each task in the brackets. And do what you are asked to do.1. in English there is a rule generally called trisyllabic 1axing or shortening(三音节松化或短化).This rule is associated with derivation, a type of word formation in which affixes are added to the root or stem. The derivation is accompanied by special phonological change in the root or stem. Here are some examples of the root and the corresponding derived or affixed words. Study their phonological forms carefully.sane seinsanityopaqueopacityvainvanitysereneserenityferociousferocitysublimesublimitymobilemobilityutileutilityfertilefertility(1)Transcribe the phonological forms of the 9 pairs of words just as exemplifiedin the first root sane . Please mark the stress. (3 分)。(2)Find the regularity of the vowel alternation, taking stress placement in consideration. You can express the vowel alternation rules in prose or in the format you learned in the linguistic textbook.(3 分)。2. Analyze the constituents and structures of the following sentences. The analysis should be as detailed as possible.Example： I beat Tom suddenly. KEY I： subject； beat predicate verb or main verb. Tom: object; suddenly: manner adverbial(1) John fixed the computer and Jane read a book by Dickens. (4 points )(2) There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer.(4 points )(3) It is difficult for us in moments of intense aesthetic experienceto resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence.(6 points )VI.Literature translation and interpretation.1) Tranlate the following passage into Chinese (17 point);2) Answer the questions according to your understanding of the passage (8 points).There were plenty of animal communication systems. But they are all radically different from human language in structure and function. Human language does not even fit within the standard typologies of animal communication systems. It has been conventional to regard language as a system whose function is communication. This is indeed the widespread view invoked in most selectionist accounts of language, which almost invariably start from this interpretation. However, to the extent that the characterization has any meaning, this appears to be incorrect. Language can of course be used for communication, as can any aspect of what we do: style of dress, gesture, and so on. And it can be and conmionly is used for much else. Statistically speaking, for whatever that is worth, the overwhelming use of language is internalfor thought. It takes an enormous act of will to keep from talking to oneself in every waking momentand asleep as well. The distinguished neurologist Harry Jerison (1973: 55) expressed a stronger view, saying "language did not evolve as a communication system . the initial evolution of language is more likely to have been . . . for the construction of a real world, " as a "tool for thought." What was that neural change in some small group that was rather minor in genetic terms? To answer that, we have to consider the special properties of language. The most elementary property of our shared language capacity is that it enables us to construct and interpret a discrete infinity of hierarchically structured expressions: discrete because there are five-word sentences and six-word sentences, but no five-and-a-half-word sentences; infinite because there is no longest sentence. Language is therefore based on a recursive generative procedure that takes elementary word-like elements from some store, call it the lexicon, and applies repeatedly to yield structured expressions, without bound. To account for the emergence of the language facultyhence for the existence of at least one languagewe have to face two basic tasks. One task is to account for the "atoms of computation, " the lexical items. The second is to discover the computational properties of the language faculty.(1) What does the blackened expression selectionist accounts mean? Does the author support the selection account? (4 points)。(2) According to the passage, what is the recursive generative system of a language? (4 points)科目代码：F1302共3页 第3页