共 10 页 第 1 页 2018 年 湖 南 农 业 大 学 硕 士 招 生 自 命 题 科 目 试 题科 目 名 称 及 代 码 ： 612 基 础 英 语适 用 专 业 (领 域 ） ： 外 国 语 言 学 及 应 用 语 言 学考 生 需 带 的 工 具 ：考 生 注 意 事 项 ： 所 有 答 案 必 须 做 在 答 题 纸 上 ， 做 在 试 题 纸 上 一 律 无 效 ； 按 试 题 顺 序 答 题 ， 在 答 题 纸 上 标 明 题 目 序 号 。I. Paraphrase（ 20 points, 2 points each）Write your answer on the answer sheet1.We can batten down and ride it out. 2. The electrical systems had been killed by water.3. Serious-looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them.4. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is thevery symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.5. Even the self-assurance of Ogilvie flickered for an instant.6. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.7. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.8. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love.9.Anice enough young fellow, you know, but nothing upstairs.10. Children dodged in and out, their high calls rising like the swallows crossing flights over themusic and the singingII. Vocabulary and G rammar（ 20 points, 1 point each）Decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheetwith a single line through the centre.1.which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE? A. why dont you do it for the sake of your friends?B. I wish I could write as well as you.C. for all his efforts, he didnt get anA.D. her eyes were red from excessive reading.2.Nancys gone to work but her cars still there. She by bus.A. must have gone B. should have goneC. ought to have gone D. could have gone 共 10 页 第 2 页 3.He feels that he is not yet to travel abroad.A. too strong B. enough strong C. so strong D. strong enough4.After seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel managers office.A. that B. it C. what D. there5. Fool Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. who B. as C. like D. that6 Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone_ an opportunity to hear the speech.Aought to have B must have C may have D should have7. I am surprised_ this city is a dull place to live in.Athat you should think B by what you are thinkingC that you would think D with what you were thinking8. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not_ for her work.Aenough good B good enough C as good enough D good as enough 9. It is imperative that the government _ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.Aattracts B shall attract C attract D has to10. Land belongs to the city; there is _ thing as private ownership of land.Ano such a B not such C not such a D no such11. The team has been working overtime on the research project .A. lately B. just now C. late D. long ago12. Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the region remained .A. motionless B. inactive C. stagnant D. immobile13. The police had difficulty in the fans from rushing on to the stage to take photos with thesinger.A. limiting B. restraining C. confining D. restricting14. Joan is in the dorm, putting the final to her speech.A. details B. remarks C. comments D. touches 15. His in gambling has eventually brought about his ruin.A. indulgence B. habit C. action D. engagement16. Theyve lifted a two-year-long economic on the country.A. enclosure B. restriction C. blockade D. prohibition17. Everyone is surprised that she has fallen out with her boy friend. The underlined part means .A. left B. quarreled C. attacked D. defeated18. His plan is carefully prepared and full of details, so it is a very one.A. elaborate B. refined C. ambitious D. complex19. The girls voice was so low that we could hear her.A. seldom B. almost C. only D. barely20. She must have been pretty to fall for such an old trick.A. interested B. gullible C. enthusiastic D. shrewdIII. Cloze (30 points, 1.5 points each） Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage in thecorresponding blanks. Mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with asingle line through the centre.In every cultivate language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, 共 10 页 第 3 页 comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words 1 which we become acquaintedin daily conversation, which we 2 , that is to say, from the 3 of our own family and fromour familiar associates, and 4 we should know and use 5 we could not read or write.They 6 the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who 7 the language.Such words may be called “popular”, since they belong to the people 8 and are not theexclusive 9 of a limited class.One the other hand, our language 10 a multitude of words which are comparatively11 used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but thereis little 12 to use them at home or in the market-place. Our 13 acquaintance with themcomes not from our mothers 14 or from the talk of our school-mates, 15 from booksthat we read, lectures that we 16 , or the more formal conversation of 17 educatedspeakers who are discussing some particular 18 in a style appropriately elevated above thehabitual 19 of everyday life. Such words are called “learned ”, and the 20 between them and “popular ” words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.1.A) at B) with C) by D) simulate2.A) study B) imitate C) simulate D) learn3.A) members B) relatives C) mates D) fellows4.A) which B) that C) those D) ones5.A) in spite of B) despite C) even if D) even6.A) make B) concern C) use D) exclude7.A)say B) apply C) practice D) speak8.A) in public B) at most C) at large D) at best9.A) right B) privilege C) share D) possession10.A) includes B) comprises C) excludes D) evolves11.A) seldom B) much C) frequently D) irregularly12.A) prospect B) way C) necessity D) occasion 13.A) chance B) first C) own D) direct14.A) tongue B) mouth C) lips D) words15.A) besides B) and C) or D) but16.A) listen B) attend to C) hear D) hear of17.A) greatly B) deeply C) highly D) high18.A) theme B) topic C) problem D) question19.A) level B) degree C) extent D) scope20.A) comparison B) distinction C) contrast D) similarityIV. Reading（ 40 points, 2 points each）Read the following passages and answer the multiple-choice questions; decide onthe best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with asingle line through the centre. Passage 1It was 1961 and I was in the fifth grade. My marks in school were miserable and, the thingwas, I didnt know enough to really care. My older brother and I lived with Mom in a dingy 共 10 页 第 4 页 multi-family house in Detroit. We watched TV every night, the background noise of our lives wasgunfire and horseshoofs from “Wagon Train” or “Cheyenne”, and laughter from “I love Lucy” or“Mister Ed”.After supper, wed sprawl on Moms bed and stare for hours at the tube.But one day mom changed our world forever. She turned off the TV. Our mother had onlybeen able to get through third grade. But she was much brighter and smarter than we boys knew atthe time. She had noticed something in the suburban houses she cleaned-books. So she camehome one day, snapped off the TV, sat us down and explained that her sons were going to makesomething of themselves. “you boys are going to read two books every week,” she said, “andyoure going to write me a report on what you read.”We moaned and complained about how unfair it was. Besides, we didnt have any books inthe house other than Moms Bible. But she explained that we would go where the books were. “Illdrive you to the library.”So pretty soon there were these two peevish boys sitting in her white 1959 Oldsmobile on their way to Detroit Public Library. I wandered reluctantly among the children books. I lovedanimals, so when I saw some books that seemed to be about animals, I started leafing throughthem.It didnt dawn on me at the time, but the experience was quite different from watching TV.There were images forming in my mind instead of before my eyes. And I could return to themagain and again with the flip of a page.Soon I began to look forward to visiting this hushed sanctuary from my other world. I movedfrom animals to plants, and then to rocks. Between the covers of all those books were wholeworlds, and I was free to go anywhere in them. Along the way a funny thing happened: I started toknow things. Teachers started to notice it too. I got to the point where I couldnt wait to get hometo my books.Now my older brother is an engineer and I am chief of pediatrics neurosurgery at JohnHopkins Childrens Center in Baltimore. Sometimes I still cant believe my lifes journey, from a falling and indifferent student in a Detroit public school to this position, which takes me all overthe world to teach and perform critical surgery.But I know when the journey began- the day Mom snapped off the TV set and put us in herOldsmobile for that drive to the library.1. we can learn from the beginning of the passage that .A. the author and his brother had done poorly in schoolB. the author had been very concerned about his school workC. the author had spent much time watching TV after schoolD. the author had realized how important schooling was2. The mother was to make her two sons switch to reading books.A. hesitant B. unprepared C. reluctant D. determined3. How did the two boys feel about going to the library at first?A. they were afraid B. They were reluctant C. They were indifferent D. They were eager to go4. the author began to love books for the following reasons EXCEPT that .A. he began to see something in his mindB. he could visualize what he read in his mindC. he could go back to read the books again 共 10 页 第 5 页 D. he realized that books offered him new experience.Passage 2Predicting the future is always risky. But its probably safe to say that at least a few historianswill one day speak of the 20th century as Americas “Disney era”. Today, its certainly difficult tothink of any other single thing that represents modern America as powerful as the company thatcreated Mickey Mouse. Globally, brands like Coca-Cola and Mcdonalds may be more widelyknown, but neither concludes 20th-centuryAmerica in quite in the same way as Disney.The reason for Disneys success are quite a lot, but ultimately the credit belongs to oneperson-the man who created the cartoon and built the company from nothing, Walt Disney.Ironically, he could not draw particularly well. But he was a genius in other aspects. In business,his greatest skills were his insight and his management ability. After setting himself up inHollywood, he singly-handedly pioneered the concepts of branding and merchanding - something his company still does brilliantly today.But what really distinguished Disney was his ability to identify with his audiences. Disneyalways made sure that his films portrayed the “little boy”. He achieved this by creating charactersthat reflected the hopes and fears of ordinary people.Disneys other great virtue was the fact that his company-unlike other big companies-hada human face. His Hollywood studio-the public heard-operated just like a democracy, whereeveryone was on first-name terms and had a say in how things should be run. He was alsoregarded as a great patriot because not only did his cartoons praise America, but, during WorldWar II , his studios made training films forAmerican soldiers.The reality, of course, was not so perfect. As the public would later learn, Disneys patriotismhad an unpleasant side. After a strike by cartoonists in 1941, he agreed to work for the FBI secretly,identifying and spying on colleagues who he suspected were anti-government.Nut, apart from his affiliations with the FBI, Disney was more or less the genuine article. A new book, The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life, confirms that he wasvery definitely on the side of ordinary people. In the 30s and 40s he voted for Franklin Roosevelt,believing he was a leader of the workers. Also, Disney was not an apologist for the FBI, as somehave suggested. In fact, he was suspicious of large, bureaucratic organizations, as is evidenced infilms like That Damned Cat.By the time he died in 1966, Walt Disney was as famous as Thomas Edison and the WrightBrothers. To business people and filmmakers, he was a role model; to the public, he was “UncleWalt|-the man who had entertained them all their lives, the man who represented all that wasgood aboutAmerica.5. Walt Disney is believed to possess the following abilities EXCEPT .A. painting B. creativity C. management D. merchandising6.According to the passage, what was the pleasant side of Disneys patriotism?A. he sided with ordinaryAmericans in his films. B. he supportedAmericas war efforts in his own way.C. he had doubts about large, bureaucratic organizations.D. he voted for Franklin Roosevelt in the 30s and 40s.7. In the 6th paragraph the sentence “Disney was more or less the genuine article” meansthat . 共 10 页 第 6 页 A. Disney was a creative and capable person.B. Disney once agreed to work for the FBI.C. Disney ran his company in a democratic way.D. Disney was sympathetic with ordinary people.8. The writers attitude toward Walt Disney can best be described as .A. sympathetic B. objective C. critical D. skepticalPassage 3In order to change lives for the better and reduce dependency, George Osborne,Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the upfront work search scheme. Only if the joblessarrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work willthey be eligible for benefitand then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. Whatcould be more reasonable? More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for thejobseekers allowance. Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to signon. he claimed. Were doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefitsand help those on benefits get into work faster. Help? Really? On first hearing, this was thesocially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with reforms to anobviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work,and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal forfundamental fairnessprotecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only themost deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you dont skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart,delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financiallyterrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarilyhard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family andpay the