870 华南理工大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 （试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回） 科目名称： 语言学和英美文学基础知识 适用专业： 英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学 共 8 页 第 1 页 Part One Fundamentals of Linguistics and Literature （外国语言学及应用语言学和英语语言文学考生共答部分） I. Define the following terms in your own words (每题必答，共 20 分 ) 1. Arbitrariness 2. Phatic function of language 3. Field of discourse 4. Immediate constituent 5. Code-switching 6. Carpe Diem 7. Protagonist 8. Hyperbole 9. Canon 10. Alliteration II. Answer the following questions (每题必答， 共 40 分 ) 1. Do you think animals have language? 2. What is the difference between sentence meaning and utterance meaning? 3. What does “Art for Arts Sake” usually refer to? 4. What does the Metaphysical School refer to in English literary history? 第 2 页 Part Two Test for Students of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics （外国语言学及应用语言学考生必答部分） I. Discuss and comment on the following topics (每题必答 ，共 40 分 ) 1. Language is the dress of thought. 2. Ferdinand de Saussure and his contribution to linguistics 3. The differences between traditional grammar and modern linguistics 4. Context and meaning in pragmatics II. Analyze the language data according to the requirements (每题必答，共 50 分 ) 1. Explain the rules and principles underlying the ungrammaticality or inappropriateness involved in the following sentences (20 points): a. * It was not until they got accepted into the Project that we found the growing corruption emerged in the past few years. b. * Railway officials, like their political bosses in Moscow, were apt to muse at the brilliant future in order to escape from pressing current problems. 2. Analyze the following extract of a dialogue in terms of the related semantic and pragmatic theories (15 points): Hush, hush! Hes a human being, I said. Be more charitable; there are worse men than he is yet! Hes not a human being, she retorted, and he has no claim on my charity. I gave him my heart, and he took and pinched it to death, and flung it back to me. (Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights) 3. Analyze the following passage in terms of the related stylistic theory (15 points): My souls, how the wind did scream along! And every second or two theres come a glare that lit up the whitecaps for a half a mile around, and youd see the islands looking dusty through the rain, and the trees thrashing around in the wind; 第 3 页 then comes a h-whackbum! Bum! Bumble-um-ble-umbum-bum-bum-bum and the thunder would go rumbling and grumbling away, and quitand then rip comes another flash and another sockdolager. (Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) Part Three Test for Students of English Language and Literature （英语语言文学考生必答部分） I. Discuss and comment on the following topics (每题必答 ， 共 40分 ) 1. Comment on the Bloomsbury Group in English literary history. 2. Comment on the Renaissance. 3. Comment on the Classicism. 4. Comment on the Theatre of the Absurd. II. Analysis and appreciation (每题必答，共 50分 ) 1. Read the following excerpt from a novel written by Herman Melville (1819-1891) and write an analytical essay in about 250 words. (25 points) For some time past, though at intervals only, the unaccompanied, secluded White Whale had haunted those uncivilized seas mostly frequented by the Sperm Whale fishermen. But not all of them knew of his existence; a few of them, comparatively, had knowingly seen him; while the number who as yet had actually and knowingly given battle to him, was small indeed. For, owing to the large number of whale-cruisers; the disorderly way they were sprinkled over the entire watery circumference, many of them adventurously pushing their quest along solitary latitudes, so as seldom or never for a whole twelvemonth or more on a stretch, to encounter a single news-telling sail of any sort; the inordinate length of each separate voyage; the irregularity of the times of 第 4 页 sailing from home; all these, with other circumstances, direct and indirect, long obstructed the spread through the whole world-wide whaling-fleet of the special individualizing tidings concerning Moby Dick. It was hardly to be doubted, that several vessels reported to have encountered, at such or such a time, or on such or such a meridian, a Sperm Whale of uncommon magnitude and malignity, which whale, after doing great mischief to his assailants, has completely escaped them; to some minds it was not an unfair presumption, I say, that the whale in question must have been no other than Moby Dick. Yet as of late the Sperm Whale fishery had been marked by various and not unfrequent instances of great ferocity, cunning, and malice in the monster attacked; therefore it was, that those who by accident ignorantly gave battle to Moby Dick; such hunters, perhaps, for the most part, were content to ascribe the peculiar terror he bred, more, as it were, to the perils of the Sperm Whale fishery at large, than to the individual cause. In that way, mostly, the disastrous encounter between Ahab and the whale had hitherto been popularly regarded. 2. Read the following excerpt from King Lear, written by William Shakespeare (1564-1616), and write an analytical essay in about 250 words. (25 points) LEAR Meantime we shall express our darker purpose. Give me the map there. Know we have divided In three our kingdom; and 'tis our fast intent To shake all cares and business from our age, Conferring them on younger strengths while we Unburthen'd crawl toward death. Our son of Cornwall, And you, our no less loving son of Albany, We have this hour a constant will to publish Our daughters' several dowers, that future strife May be prevented now. The princes, France and Burgundy, 第 5 页 Great rivals in our youngest daughter's love, Long in our court have made their amorous sojourn, And here are to be answer'd. Tell me, my daughters . Which of you shall we say doth love us most? That we our largest bounty may extend Where nature doth with merit challenge. Goneril, Our eldest-born, speak first. GONERIL Sir, I love you more than words can wield the matter; Dearer than eyesight, space, and liberty; Beyond what can be valued, rich or rare; No less than life, with grace, health, beauty, honour; As much as child e'er lov'd, or father found; A love that makes breath poor, and speech unable. Beyond all manner of so much I love you. CORDELIA aside What shall Cordelia speak? Love, and be silent. LEAR Of all these bounds, even from this line to this, With shadowy forests and with champains rich'd, With plenteous rivers and wide-skirted meads, We make thee lady. To thine and Albany's issue Be this perpetual. - What says our second daughter, Our dearest Regan, wife to Cornwall? Speak. 第 6 页 REGAN Sir, I am made Of the selfsame metal that my sister is, And prize me at her worth. In my true heart I find she names my very deed of love; Only she comes too short, that I profess Myself an enemy to all other joys Which the most precious square of sense possesses, And find I am alone felicitate In your dear Highness' love. CORDELIA aside Then poor Cordelia! And yet not so; since I am sure my love's More richer than my tongue. LEAR To thee and thine hereditary ever Remain this ample third of our fair kingdom, No less in space, validity, and pleasure Than that conferr'd on Goneril.- Now, our joy, Although the last, not least; to whose young love The vines of France and milk of Burgundy Strive to be interest; what can you say to draw A third more opulent than your sisters? Speak. CORDELIA Nothing, my lord. 第 7 页 LEAR Nothing? CORDELIA Nothing. LEAR Nothing can come of nothing. Speak again. CORDELIA Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave My heart into my mouth. I love your Majesty According to my bond; no more nor less. LEAR How, how, Cordelia? Mend your speech a little, Lest it may mar your fortunes. CORDELIA Good my lord, You have begot me, bred me, lov'd me; I Return those duties back as are right fit, Obey you, love you, and most honour you. Why have my sisters husbands, if they say They love you all? Haply, when I shall wed, That lord whose hand must take my plight shall carry Half my love with him, half my care and duty. Sure I shall never marry like my sisters, To love my father all. 第 8 页 LEAR But goes thy heart with this? CORDELIA Ay, good my lord. LEAR So young, and so untender? CORDELIA So young, my lord, and true. LEAR Let it be so! thy truth then be thy dower! For, by the sacred radiance of the sun, The mysteries of Hecate and the night; By all the operation of the orbs From whom we do exist and cease to be; Here I disclaim all my paternal care, Propinquity and property of blood, And as a stranger to my heart and me Hold thee from this for ever. The barbarous Scythian, Or he that makes his generation messes To gorge his appetite, shall to my bosom Be as well neighbour'd, pitied, and reliev'd, As thou my sometime daughter.