Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET. (1 0 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding yes! _1 _helping you feel close and _2 _to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a_3 _ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might evenhelp you _4 _ getting sick this winter.In a recent study _5 _ over 4 0 0 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie MellonUniversity in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt ofhugs _6 _ the participants susceptibility（敏感性）to developing the common cold after being_7 _ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come _8 _with a cold, and the researchers _9 _ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _1 0 _about 3 2 percent of that beneficial effect. _1 1 _ among those who got a cold, the ones whofelt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe _1 2 _.Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _1 3 _ risk for colds thats usually_1 4 _ with stress, notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging is amarker of intimacy and helps _1 5 _ the feeling that others are there to help_1 6 _difficulty.Some experts _1 7 _ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the releaseof oxytocin（后叶催产素）, often calledthe bonding hormone _1 8 _ it promotes attachmentin relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is madeprimarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it_1 9 _ in the brain, where it _2 0 _ mood, behavior and physiology.1 .ABesidesBUnlikeCThroughoutDDespite介词辨析。从前后文意思来看，此处为递进关系，前后都表示拥抱的益处，Besides符合题意。因此答案为A项。2 .AequalBrestrictedCconnectedDinferior考查词汇意思和并列关系。此处的词汇应该与close意思相近。拥抱使人与人亲近，当然也让人联系紧密。Connected有联系的，符合题意。因此答案为C项。3 .AviewBhostClessonDchoice固定搭配。a host of意为许多。拥抱能带来很多健康好处。符合题意。因此答案为B选项。4 .AavoidBforgetCrecallDkeep根据句子意思，拥抱能让人避免冬天生病。其他几个词汇均不符合题意。因此答案为A选项。5 .AcollectingBaffectingCguidingDinvolving动词辨析。该句的意思是这项研究包含了4 0 0名健康的成年人。D选项involve具有包含的意思。collect意为收集，affect意为影响,guide意为指导，均不符合题意。因此答案为D选项。6 .AonBinCatDof固定搭配。去掉修饰成分，可以看到句子主干为researchers examined the effects ofhugs_the participants susceptibility.对参与者敏感性的影响。effect on sth.对的影响。因此答案为A选项。7 .AdevotedBattractedClostDexposed动词辨析。be exposed to遭受；暴露于，be devoted to致力于，be attracted to被吸引，be lost to不再属于；无动于衷。be exposed to符合题意。因此答案为D选项。8 .AalongBacrossCdownDout固定搭配。Come down with生病come along with随同，一起come across with偿付come out with发布，展出。只有come down with a cold感冒，符合题意。因此答案为C选项。9 .AimaginedBdeniedCdoubtedDcalculated考查动词。根据后文3 2 %这一数据可以推测出此处的动词意为计算calculate。imagine想象，deny否认，doubt怀疑都不符合原文意思。因此答案为D选项。1 0 .AservedBrestoredCexplainedDrequired结合第九题，此处计算到这种影响解释说明了这个3 2 %的比例，其他数据都不能起到解释的意思。serve服务；resore恢复，储存；require要求。因此答案为C选项。1 1 .AThusBStillCRatherDEven考查逻辑关系词。后面的内容是对前一句话程度的进一步加深，even甚至，即使。符合语义。因此答案为D选项。1 2 .AdefeatsBsymptomsCerrorsDtests考查词义。即使是感冒的人，如果有强大的社会支持，经常和别人拥抱，就很少有感冒的症状。symptom症状，征兆符合题意。因此答案为B选项。1 3 .AhighlightedBincreasedCcontrolledDminimized上下文语义及词义辨析。拥抱能够保护处于压力之下的人们免受增加的感冒风险的威胁。因此答案为B选项。1 4 .ApresentedBequippedCassociatedDcompared考查固定搭配。根据上下文，原文中说“感冒是和压力相联系的”，be associated with.“和.有关”be presented with和一起出席，be equipped with装备，be compared with比较。C选项associated with符合题意。因此答案为C选项。1 5 .AassessBgenerateCmoderateDrecord考查动词。拥抱能够帮助人们产生一种感觉，此处应填generate。因此答案为B选项。1 6 .Ain the name ofB in the form ofC in the face ofD in the way of固定搭配。根据句子意思，拥抱能让人产生一种面对危险的时候，别人会来帮你的感觉。in the face of面对，in the name of以的名义，in the way of在方面。In the face of符合题意。因此答案为C。1 7 .AattributeBcommitCtransferDreturn固定搭配。句子主干为some experts _ the benefits toattribute to归因于,committo承诺，承担责任，transfer to转到，return to回到。因此答案为A选项。1 8 .AunlessBbecauseCthoughDuntil考查逻辑关系词。根据上下文可以看出，后面的一句话是对前面的话进行的解释，表示原因。所以选because.因此答案为B选项。1 9 .AremainsBemergesCvanishesDdecreases考查动词词义。根据前后文意思，一部分后叶催产素已经释放到血液中，那么另一些保留在大脑中发挥作用。remain保存，保留，emerge出现，vanish消失，decrease减少。因此答案为A选项。2 0 .AexperiencesBcombinesCjustifiesDinfluences考查上下文理解。后叶催产素影响着人们的心情、行为以及生理机能。因此答案为D选项。Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (4 0 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hoursthis is how far in advance authorities arerecommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airportswith increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increasedsafety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 8 0 4 , which terrorists may have downed over theMediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of airtravelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. Andit should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives, not to mentioninfuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check thatundercover investigators were able to sneak weaponsboth fake and realpast airportsecurity nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with arise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waitsat major airports such as Chicagos OHare International. It is not yet clear how much moreeffective airline security has become but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports haveonly so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying tooverpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly disputethis. There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushingto hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win fortravelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expeditedscreening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time foreveryone involved. TSA wants to enroll 2 5 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengersmust pay $ 8 5 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this pricetag has been PreChecks fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonablelevel. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollmentor to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most ofthe traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.2 1 . The crash of Egypt Air Flight 8 0 4 is mentioned to_A explain Americans tolerance of current security checks.B stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.C highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.D emphasize the importance of privacy protection.解析：A本题属于例证题，定位在第二段根据例证题的解题技巧。答案应该在例子的前面找，也就是本段的段首句：Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols inreturn for increased safety.美国人愿意忍受耗费时间的安全检查协议，为了换来更高的安全性。正好符合A选项解释了美国人能够忍受长时间的安全检查。2 2 . Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?A New restrictions on carry-on bags.B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number of travellers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.解析：C本题属于细节题，定位在第三段。Enhanced security measures since then, combined with arise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waitsat major airports,安检措施的加强，航空旅游人员的增加，导致了在主要机场的长时间等待。其他三项均不符合原文意思。2 3 . The word“expedited”(Liner 4 , Para. 5 ) is closet in meaning to_A quieter.B cheaper.C wider.D faster.解析：D本题属于猜词题，定位在第五段，expedited这个词所在的这句话，Passengers who passa background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.通过背景核查的乘客有资格使用拍摄通道；前文说Enroll more people in the PreCheck program，让更多的人注册预先检查程序，预先就是更快的，所以应该是faster。2 4 . One problem with the PreCheck program is_A a dramatic reduction of its scale.B its wrongly-directed implementation.C the governments reluctance to back it.D an unreasonable price for enrollment.解析：D本题属于细节题，定位在第六段。this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw.价格问题是precheck的知名弱点，也就是题干中的问题，所以答案是an unreasonable price for enrollment，注册所需价格的不合理。2 5 . Which of the following would be the best for the text?A Less Screening for More SafetyB PreChecka Belated SolutionC Getting Stuck in Security LinesD Underused PreCheck Lanes解析：C本题属于主旨题，纵观全文，选择最佳答案。A. Less Screening for More Safety更少的检查，更多的安全.与原文意思相反，原文说检查更多为了更多的安全；B. PreCheckaBelated Solution.预先检查-迟来的解决方案，文章是说道PreCheck，但它病没有从根本上解决旅客滞留的问题，所以也不对；D.只是文章的一部分；只有C选项Getting Stuck in SecurityLines，全文都是在围绕安检导致旅客滞留，解决方案PreCheck，但It is long past time to makethe program work.并未根本解决问题。所以C更能概括全文。Text 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis lastreigning monarch, in 1 8 9 7 . Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiiansociety. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted overconstruction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises torevolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by someHawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is alsohome to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keaspeak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopesto obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group ofHawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred landand a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to buildbigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. Theydid not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to theislands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past；it is a living culture undergoing arenaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. Thesame curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians toHawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble alltelescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomyand Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come fromand where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primalcalling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMTsite was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoidarchaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, oldones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their culturalheritage and to study the stars.2 6 . Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates_A her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.Cthe regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciation of star watchersfeats in her time.解析：B本题属于推断题，定位在第一段。The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,古代的夏威夷人都是天文学家，Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiiansociety，星象观察者在古代备受尊重，所以最佳答案应该是the importance of astronomy inancient Hawaiian society.在古代夏威夷天文学是非常重要的。2 7 . Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to_A its geographical features.B its protective surroundings.C its religious implications.D its existing infrastructure.解析：A本题属于细节题，定位在第二段。Mauna Keas peak rises above, where conditions allowtelescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.在Mauna Kea的环境或条件，望远镜能看到非常清晰的太空的情况，所以是由于地理位置才被选为理想的天文观测地。2 8 . The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because_A it may risk ruining their intellectual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.解析：B本题属于细节题，定位在第三段。A small but local group of Hawaiians andenvironmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painfulreminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation，一小部分本地人反对是认为Mauna Kea是神圣不可侵犯，并且提醒他们曾经痛苦的一段历史，所以与答案B符合，itreminds them of a humiliating history。2 9 . It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy_A is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiianshostility.解析：C本题属于推断题，定位在第五段。Calls toMauna Kea or to ban future developmentthere ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questionsabout who we are, where we come from and where we are going.通过这部分的论述表明天文学和夏威夷文化寻求回答我们是谁，从哪来，到哪去的这些问题，所以题干问天文学的进步可能会怎样，只有C符合原文含义，揭露夏威夷文化的起源，其他三项中的文章并未提及。3 0 . The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of_A severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.解析：B本题属于观点态度题，主要定位在最后一段。作者说There is no reason why everyonecannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.欢迎每个人来Mauna Kea来拥抱文化遗产，研究星象。说明是比较支持的态度，但有不是完全支持，作者赞同天文学领域人士做出让步，保护当地的生态环境，所以D是错误的。Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures“everything except that whichmakes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP alreadypredicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and miss thingsthat do. By most recent measures, the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western World, withrecord low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so so well, then whydid over 1 7 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to theircountrys economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being shedssome light on that question. Across the 1 6 3 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorestperformers in ensuring that economic growth is