注意：答案请做在答题纸上，做在试卷上无效东华理工大学 2017 年硕士生入学考试初试试题科目代码： 840;科目名称：综合英语；（ A 卷）适用专业（领域）名称： 学科教学（英语）Part I Grammar & Vocabulary (30%)There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1. Which of the following phrases indicates a verb-object relationship?A. The struggle of the exploited.B. The city of Rome.C. The release of the prisoners.D. A friend of his daughter.2. Paul earns very little as a classical cellist, _ his brothers pop musicals have made millions.A. in spite ofB. sinceC. in contrast toD. whereas3. I wont have a whisky, thank you. Its not that I dont drink, _ that I dont drink and drive.A. otherwiseB. but ratherC. exceptD. so4. _ is she in London than she rings up her old friend Yvonne.A. No soonerB. RarelyC. HardlyD. Once5. _ I realized the consequences, I would never have contemplated getting involved.A. HadB. IfC. WhenD. Unless6. It is _ pity that you cannot come to the wedding.A. such aB. soC. such asD. many a7. I _ be most grateful if you could let me have the details as soon as possible.A. ought toB. intend toC. shouldD. might8. She managed to save _ little money she could out of her wages to help her brother.A. whichB. whatC. howD. so9. The left wing of the party prospers_ the right wing seems to be losing ground.A. untilB. whetherC. unlessD. while10. _ a true word is spoken in jest.A. MuchB. ManyC. Many aD. Very11. Let us hope that _ a nuclear war, the human race might still survive.A. in the event ofB. with reference toC. in relation toD. within the realms of12. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _ the guards discovered what hadhappened.A. untilB. sinceC. beforeD. when13. Optical _ deceive the eye with tricks of perception.A. illusionsB. delusionsC. idealsD. increments14. Apple claims to be the largest U.S. corporate taxpayer, but by _ size and scale, it is also amongAmericas largest tax avoiders.A. mereB. sheerC. onlyD. pure15. The situation was _ but not _.A. hopeless desperateB. desperate hopelessC. hopeful desperateD. desperate hopeful第 1 页，共 10 页注意：答案请做在答题纸上，做在试卷上无效16. A corporate reputation consultant believed that Tiger Woods, whose admission to _ had caused his favorable rating to plunge, should hold his head high and avoid a _ mea culpa（认罪）.A. infidelity . grovelingB. stupendous harangueC. lofty mistressD. downright libretto17. The _ people of Australia were called Aborigines by the English settlers.A. indigenousB. ingenuousC. innateD. indigent18. The cars of the future will not be suitable for long trips, because these cars by petrol can only go 450kilometers before needing to stop for _.A. replenishingB. refuelingC. renewingD. resurrecting19. Even a passing _ with real hunter-gatherer societies suggests there are considerabledisadvantages to the cash-free life.A. knowledgeB. acquaintanceC. experienceD. idea20. The old gentleman _ to be an old friend of his grandfathers.A. turned overB. turned upC. turned outD. turned in21. The rules stated that anyone who had held office for three years was not _ for re-election.A. inclusiveB. permissibleC. eligibleD. admissible22. Two of my friends have decided to get married: I saw the announcement of their _ in TheTimes last week.A. courtshipB. engagementC. avowalD. pledge23. “Theres no need for you to _ like that, Tom, just because your sisters been told off foronce.”A. smoulderB. smugC. smirkD. shirk24. Although she was dying to rip open the present, she exercised some _.A. restraintB. authorityC. moderationD. control25. Its very easy for the undereducated and vulnerable to be _ by slick-talking salesman.A. put upB. put asideC. taken inD. taken away26. The child _ her grandmother in the hope of getting more sweets.A. cuddled down toB. cuddled up toC. sidled through toD. sidled up to27. I really wanted to say something at the meeting, but eventually _ from it.A. preventedB. restrainedC. refrainedD. restricted28. The court would not accept his appeal unless _ evidence is provided.A. conclusiveB. eventualC. concludingD. definite29. Everyone in the office knows that Bill takes infinite care over his work. The italicized part means_.A. muchB. limitedC. overdueD. unnecessary30. The child nodded, apparently content with his mothers promise. The italicized part means_.A. as far as one is concernedB. as far as one can seeC. as far as one has learntD. as far as one is toldPart II Cloze ( 20%)Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding第 2 页，共 10 页注意：答案请做在答题纸上，做在试卷上无效blanks.Learning theorists emphasize the role of environmental influences in shaping the way a persondevelops.31their view, child development is guided by both deliberate and32learningexperiences in the home, peer groups, school, and community. Therefore, childhood growth is significantly 33by the efforts of parents, teachers, and others to34children in desirable ways.According to learning theories, the same35that explain how people can use a bicycle or computeralso explain how children acquire social skills, emotional self-control, reasoning strategies, and the36skills of walking and running.One kind of learning occurs when a childs actions are37by a reward or punishment. A reward,also called a reinforcer, increases the probability that behavior will be repeated. For example, a youngchild may 38draw pictures because she receives praise from her parents after39each one. Apunishment decreases the probability that behavior will be repeated. For example, a child who touches ahot stove and burns his fingertips is not 40to touch the stove again.41 kind of learning, classical conditioning, occurs when a person makes a42associationbetween two events. For example, babies begin sucking when they are put in a familiar nursing43 ,children fear dogs whose barking has startled them in the past. A third kind of learning44ofimitating the behavior of others. A boy may acquire his fathers45of talking, his mothers tendencyto roll her eyes, and his favorite basketball players moves46the court. In doing so, he also acquires47about the consequences of these behaviors.Learning theories provide extremely useful ways of understanding how developmental changes inbehavior and thinking48and, for some children, why behavior problems arise. These theories can bestudied scientifically and practically applied. Critics point out,49 , that learning theories sometimesneglect childrens50role in their own understanding and development.31. A. WithB. FromC. ForD. In32. A. unintendedB. uninvolvedC. undiscoveredD. unlimited33. A. achievedB. createdC. developedD. shaped34. A. moralizeB. recognizeC. socializeD. standardize35. A. considerationsB. instructionsC. principlesD. tendencies36. A. physicalB. personalC. originalD. technical37. A. directedB. followedC. pursuedD. tracked38. A. continuouslyB. immediatelyC. occasionallyD. regularly39. A. completingB. fulfillingC. handlingD. obtaining40. A. liableB. likelyC. possibleD. ready41. A. AnotherB. NextC. OneD. Other42. A. emotionalB. intellectualC. mentalD. spiritual43. A. conditionB. locationC. postureD. situation44. A. containsB. consistsC. comprisesD. composes45. A. customB. meansC. typeD. style46. A. overB. onC. inD. at47. A. estimationsB. evaluationsC. explorationsD. expectations48. A. appearB. emergeC. existD. occur49. A. accordinglyB. howeverC. moreoverD. therefore50. A. activeB. dominantC. positiveD. social第 3 页，共 10 页