答 案 写 在 答 题 纸 上 ， 写 在 试 卷 上 无 效 第 1页 共 11页浙 江 工 商 大 学 2021年 全 国 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 试 卷 (A)卷考 试 科 目 ： 257英 语 (二 外 ) 总 分 ： 100分 考 试 时 间 ： 3小 时Part I Reading Comprehension (每 小 题 1.5 分 ， 共 45 分 )Directions: There are 6 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions. Foreach of them there are four choices marked A. B. C. and D. You should decide on the best choice andwrite the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion aboutsomeone without really knowing anything about him or her aside perhaps from a few remarks or readilyobservable traits?The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Ybui- brain is so sensitivein picking up facial traits. Even very minor difference in how a persons eyes, ears, nose. or mouth are placedin relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processesincoming sensory information the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming signals are comparedagainst a host of memories stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these newsignals mean.If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says familiar and safe. If you seesomeone new, it says, new potentially threatening. Then your brain starts to match features of thisstranger withother“knownmemories. Theheight, weight,dress, ethnicity, gestures andtoneofvoice are allmatched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I dont likethis person. Or else, I am intrigued. Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity,gestures like your other friends; so your brain says: I like this person. But theses preliminaryimpressions can be dead wrong.When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking ofa very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about thedepth and breadth of people 一 their history, interest, values, strengths, and true chai-acter - we categorizethem as jocks, geeks, or freaks.However, ifwe resist initialstereotypical impressions,we have achance tobe aware ofwhat aperson istruly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about bis or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of thepersons character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking and the most complex areas of ourcortex, which allow us to be humane.1. Our first impression of someone new is influenced by his or her .A. past experienceB. characterC. facial featuresD. hobbies2. If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is most likely to say .A. T feel secureB. “He is new and possibly dangerous,C. “I enjoy being with this person答 案 写 在 答 题 纸 上 ， 写 在 试 卷 上 无 效 第 2页 共 11页D. Tiis is new. I dislike this person”3. The word preliminary （ Last Line, Para.3） means .A. simplistic B. stereotypicalC. initial D. categorical4. Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because .A. we neglect their depth and breadthB. they are not all jocks, peeks, or freaksC. our thinking is different from that of a very young childD. our judgment is always wrong5. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?A. Ones physical appearance can influence our first impression.B. Our first impression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brain.C. Stereotypical impressions can be dead wrong.D. We should adopt mature thinkuig when getting to know people.Passage 2We haveheard alotaboutthehealth benefitsoftea,especiallygreen tea.Itishighin poly-phenols（ 茶多 酚 ） ， compoundswithstrongantioxidantactivity thatintest-tubeandanimalmodelsshowanti-cancerandheart-protective effects. Good clinical studies are few, however, and although physicians tell their patientstodrink green tea, there hasnt been any definite proof of the value of that advice.A team of Japanese researchers was able to link green tea consumption with decreased mortality frommany causes including heart disease. The researchers tracked 40,530 healthy adults aged 40 to 79 in aregion of northeastern Japan where most people drink green tea, following them for up to 11 years. Thosewho drank five or more cups of green tea a day had significantly lower mortality rates than those who drankless than one cup a day. There were also fewer deaths from cardiovascular disease.But no such association was seen with deaths from cancer. Nor was consumption of oolong （ 乌 龙茶 ） orblack tea connected with any decrease in mortality. Those teasare easier to be combinedwith oxygenin processing, which not only darkens the color of the leaves and changes their flavor but also reduces theirpolyphenol content.Coffeeis more complicated.It hasreceived both gold stars andblack marks in medical literature. It, too,contains antioxidants, although they are less well studied than tea polyphenols. Evidence for the healthbenefits of coffee is growing, however. A group of investigators from Finland, Italy and the Netherlandsreports that coffee seems to protect against age-related deciine in mental capacity. The scientists studied 676healthy men bom from 1900 to 1920 and followed them for 10 years, using standardized measures of brainfunction. Their conclusion: the men who consumed coffee had significantly less decline in mental capacitythan those who didnt. Three cups a day seemed to provide the most protection.Population studies like those help us form assumptions about relationships between dietary habits andlong-term health. We still have to test our suppositions in controlled conditions, and measure the effects ofcoffee and tea on various systems of the body.6. Physicians often tell their patients to drink green tea because .A. its medical value has been provedB. it is believed to be good for ones healthC. it has long since been used clinicallyD. its effectiveness has been shown in human beings答 案 写 在 答 题 纸 上 ， 写 在 试 卷 上 无 效 第 3页 共 11页7. The Japanese study seems to have confirmed the positive effect of green tea on .A. young adults B. all the patientsC. patients with cancer D. patients with heart disease8. The text indicates that black tea differs from green tea in that .A. it can retain the color of its leavesB. it can reduce cancer-related deathsC. it contains less polyphenol contentD. it is stronger in flavor than the latter9. Coffee is beneficial to ones health because .A. it has more antioxidants than green teaB. it slows down the rate of brain aging C. it lowers the rate of natural mortalityD. it keeps systems of the body active10. The text indicates that the relationships between dietary habits and long-tenn health .A. are a falsely perceived suppositionB. are a conflicting issue among peopleC. deserve further scientific researchD. deserve to be tested on a larger populationPassage 3Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends,neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity boost seems to come from marriage oran equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows andwidowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest thatmarriage could add as much as seven years .to a mans life and two to a womans. The effect holds for allcauses of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of theUniversity of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly fouryears longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than apack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man. who doesnt smoke. Theres a flip side, however, aspartners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouses death, and caringfor a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the oddsfavour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard MedicalSchool describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by suclu-econoiuic factors, health-serviceprovision, emotional support and other more physiological mechanisms. For example, social contact canboost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depressionlater in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychologicalbenefits of a supportive partner.A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimatesocial network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: People are interconnected, so their health isinterconnected.11. William Farrs study and other studies show that .A. social life provides an effective cure for illness答 案 写 在 答 题 纸 上 ， 写 在 试 卷 上 无 效 第 4页 共 11页B. being sociable helps improve ones quality of lifeC. women benefit more than men from marriageD. marriage contributes a great deal to longevity12. Linda Unites studies support the idea that .A. older men should quit smoking to stay healthyB. marriage can help make up for ill healthC. the married are happier than the unmarriedD. unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life13. It can be inferred from the context that the flip side (Line 5, Paia. 2) refers to .A. the disadvantages of being marriedB. the emotional problems arising from marriageC. the duty of taking care of ones familyD. the consequence of a broken marriage14. What does the author say about social networks?A. They have ejects similar to those of a marriage.B. They help develop peoples community spirit.C. They provide timely support for those in need.D. They help relieve people of their lifeJs burdens.15. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Ifs important that we develop a social network when young.B. To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.C. Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.D. We should share our social networks with each other.Passage 4Competition for admission to the countrys top private schools has always been tough, but this yearElisabeth realized it had reached a new level. Her wake-up call came when a man called theDalton School inManhattan, where Elisabeth is the admissions director, and inquired about the age cutoff for theirkindergarten program. After providing the information, she asked about the age of hischild.The man pausedfbran uncomfortably longtime before answering, “Well, we dont have achild yet. We?re trying to figureoutwhen to conceive a child so the birthday is not a problem.Worries are spreading from Manhattan to the rest of the country. Precise current data on private schoolsare unavailable, but interviews with representatives of independent schools all told the same story： anover-supply of applicants, higher rejecuon rates. have people calling us fbr spots two years down the road,55saidMarilyn oftheSeven HillsSchoolinCincinnati.We havegrandparentscallingfor pregnantdaughters.Public opinion polls indicate that Americans5 No. 1 concern is education. Now that the long economic boomhas given parents more disposable income, many are turning to private schools, even at price tags of wellover $10000 a year. Were getting applicantsfroma broaderarea geographically than weever have in the past,said Betsy of theLatin Schoolof Chicago,which experienced a 20 percent increase in applications this year.The problem fbr the applicants is that while demand has increased, supply has not. Every year, thereare afewchildren who donotfind places,butthisyear, for thefirsttime thatI knowof, there are asignificantnumber without places, said Elisabeth.So what can parents do to give their 4-year-old an edge? Schools know there is no easy way to pick aclass when children are so young. Many schools give preference to children of their graduates. Some make答 案 写 在 答 题 纸 上 ， 写 在 试 卷 上 无 效 第 5页 共 11 页the choice by drawing lots. But most rely on a mix of subjective and objective measures: tests that at bestidentify developmental maturity and cognitive potential, interviews with parents and observation ofapplicants in classroom settings. They also want a diverse mix. Children may end up on a waiting list simplybecause their birthdays fall at the wrong time of year, or because too many applicants were boys.The worst thing a parent can do is to pressure preschoolers to perform 一 fbr example, by pushingthem to read or do math exercises before theyre ready. Instead, the experts say parents should take a breathand look for alternatives. Another year in preschool may be all thats needed.16. From this text we learn that it is .A. harder to make a choice between public and private schoolsB. harder to go to private schools this year than beforeC. more difficult to go to public schools than to private schoolsD. as difficult to go to private schools this year as before17. The sentence “We have people . down the road” (Line 3, Para. 2) probably means .A. we have people calling us for parking space two years ahead of time.B. people called us for permission to use the places two years ago.C. we received calls from people down the road two years ago.D. people called us for school vacancies two years in advance.18. The text indicates that private schools are very selective because they .A. have no reliable methods to pick students for a classB. want a good mixture of boys and girls fbr classesC. encounter more demand than they can cope withD. prefer to enroll children of their relatives19. From the text, we can infer that the author .A. favors the idea of putting children on a waiting listB. agrees to test preschoolers cognitive potentialsC. thinks children should be better prepared academicallyD. disapproves of the undue stress on preschoolers20. Which of the following can serve as a title of the text?A. Hard time for the PreschoolersB. Prosperity of Private SchoolsC. The Problem for Public SchoolsD. Americans No.l ConcernPassage 5Each summer, nomatter howpressingmy work schedule,take。 任 onedayexclusively formy son. Wecall it dad-son day. This year our third stop was the amusement park, where I discovered that he was tallenough to ride one of the fastest roller coasters （ 过 山 车 ） in the world. We blasted through face-stretchingturns and loops for ninety seconds. Then, as we stepped off the ride, he shrugged and, in a distressingly calmvoice, remarked that it was not as exciting as other rides hed been on. As I listened, I began to sensesomething seriously out of balance.Throughout the season, 1 noticed similar events all around me. Parents seemed hard pressed to findnew thrills for indifferent kids. Surrounded by ever-greater stimulation, their young faces were lookingdisappointed and bored.答 案 写 在 答 题 纸 上 ， 写 在 试