S “ S “ ë$Ô»: :2Øt bt?vÐ M « Vùî 3 ÆÐ I k k k5 “ S “ : S “ ë : $Ô ¡s : s ÿi æ ªs5¼ ¥ÿi Y ç îµsÃA¶s5¼ ' k5¼¤à¼ (ír è' k5¼¶ Ûs5¼B Æ k5Ïí I. Vocabulary (20 points) A. Choose the word or phrase marked A, B, C, and D to best correspond to the word above. Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet. (10 points) 1.facetiously a) jokingly or jocularly b) playfully or joyfully c) painfully or irksomely d) indignantly or irately 2. pejoratively a) peripherally b) phonetically c) disparagingly d) diabolically 3. derelict a) forbidden b) forsaken c) forecasted d) foredoomed 4. perspicacious a) clearminded b) clearheaded c) cleareyed d) clearsighted 5. obsolescent a) discarded b) disabused c) distorted d) disaccredited 6. vivacity a) animadversion b) animality c) animation d) animatism 7.exuberance a) shortage b) scarcity c) luxury d) luxuriance 8.anomalous a) normal b) abnormal c) original d) aboriginal S “ S “ ë$Ô»: :9.ululate a) lament b) shriek c) screech d) scream 10. claustrophobia a) Abnormal enjoyment of being in enclosed spaces b) Abnormal enjoyment of being in open spaces c) Abnormal fear of being in enclosed spaces d) Abnormal fear of being in open spaces B. Directions: Explain the italicized words in the following sentences with simple, everyday words or expressions in English. Be sure to write down your explanation on the answer sheet. (10 points) 1. turn his back on the Eiffel Tower as a protest against the architectural blasphemy 2. The general reaction to the apparent end of the era of cheap fossil fuel, as to other readily foreseeable curtailments, has been to delay any sort of reckoning. 3. The thing takes up an entire city block, and somehow they cant see it. Its too implausible. 4. The bacteria of decay then die off, for they must have oxygen to survive. The entire aquatic cycle collapses. 5. a writer, when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending, and unpredictable battle. 6. It is between Admass and Englishness, ailing and impoverished, in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars 7. oIt was hot, yet with a sweet languor about it”Theodore Dreiser . 8. The bankers and the admen, the marketing specialists and thousand wellpaid ancillary service people set the citys brittle tone. 9. Especially was this true of the college contingent, whose idealism had led them to enlist early and who dad generally seen a considerable amount of action. 10. to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request. II. Cloze (20 points) A. Fill in each of the following blanks with a suitable word in its proper form and write down the required word on the answer sheet. (10 points) Packaging is an important form of advertising. A package can sometimes motivate people to buy a 1 . For example, a small child might ask for a breakfast food that 2 in a box with a picture of a TV 3 . The child is more interested in the 4 than in the breakfast food. Pictures for children to color 5 cut out, games printed on a 6 , or small gifts inside a box also 7 many children to buy products i or to ask their parents for them. Some packages suggest that a buyer will get something for 8 . Food products sold in reusable containers 9 examples of this. Although a similar product in a plain 10 might cost less, people often prefer to 11 the product in a reusable glass or dish, 12 they believe the container is free. 13 , the cost of the container is added 14 the cost of the product. The 15 of a package also motivates a buyer. This suggests that the large size has the most product for the least 16 . But that is not always true. A buyer has to find out 17 the product is sold and S “ S “ ë$Ô»: :the price of the basic unit. The information on the package should provide some answers. But the important thing 18 any buyer to remember is 19 a package is often an advertisement. The words and pictures do not tell the 20 story. Only the product inside can do that. B. Fill in each blank with a proper word from the following box. Change its form if necessary and write down the required word on the answer sheet. (10 points) account commuter destination difference dwarf fresh generate grocery highstrung incomparable indignity inevitable intense manuscript passion quest restlessness solidity spit whether There are roughly three New Yorks. There is, first, the New York of the man or woman who was born here, who takes the city for granted and accepts its size and its turbulence as natural and 1 . Second, there is the New York of the 2 the city that is devoured by locusts each day and 3 out each night. Third, there is the New York of the person who was born somewhere else and came to New York in 4 of something. Of these three trembling cities the greatest is the last the city of final 5 , the city that is a goal. It is this third city that 6 for New Yorks 7 disposition, its poetical deportment, its dedication to the arts, and its 8 achievements. Commuters give the city its tidal 9 ; natives give it 10 and continuity; but settlers give it 11 . 12 it is a farmer arriving from Italy to set up a small 13 store in a slum, or a young girl arriving from a small town in Mississippi to escape the 14 of being observed by her neighbors, or a boy arriving from the Corn Belt with a 15 in his suitcase and a pain in his heart, it makes no 16 ; each embraces New York with the 17 excitement of first love, each absorbs New York with the 18 eyes of an adventurer, each 19 heat and light to 20 the Consolidated Edison Company. III. Error correction (20 points) Directions: There are twenty mistakes in the following passage. You are required to underline or mark the mistakes and get them corrected. Be sure to write down the correct form on the answer sheet. Example: “Wordsworth is said to have most fascinating voice!” the The primary consideration in achieving a balanced diet is either how much 1 or how little we eat, but which we eat. Basically we need carbohydrates, protein, 2 fat, vitamins and minerals, altogether with regular but not excessive exercise. 3 Carbohydrates are found in foods such like bread, potatoes and sugar. They 4 are excellent energy producers, but if eating to excess may be largely converted 5 to fat and a reduction in the amount of carbohydrates is one of the obvious way 6 to reduce weight, since most of us eat too much of it anyway. 7 Protein found in meat and cheese are used for tissue building and the 8 S “ S “ ë$Ô»: :recommending minimum consumption is 70g a day. Animal fats are also good 9 resources of energy, but are sometimes held to cause increased cholesterol 10 levels in the blood and are therefore best avoided by people suffer from heart 11 disease, vegetable fats are recommended as a substitute. 12 Vitamins are other essential requirement for health. There are about forty 13 known vitamins, but the most generally referred are A, B, C, D and E. Lack of 14 Vitamin A, found in carrots, liver, etc., is alleging to affect the vision and the 15 skin. Vitamin C, found in nearly all fruits, particular oranges and other citrus 16 fruit, has come to be regarded as effectively in the prevention of cold. 17 Among the minerals we need, the most important are calcium, iron and iodine. Milk is one of the richest sources of calcium, which help to build our 18 bones and our teeth. Deficiency of iron in the blood produces anaemia and children and others suffering from anaemic conditions have generally advised to 19 increase their intake of iron, what may be found in liver, lentils, and dates 20 among other foods. IV. Paraphrase 30 points Directions: Restate the following sentences in another form in English to clarify the meaning. Be sure to write down your restatement on the answer sheet. 1. Conversation is not for making a point. 2. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. 3. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason. 4. The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable. 5. New York constantly exasperates, at times exhilarates. 6. the faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the ways of the city. 7. Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show 8. her attendance had always been sporadic and her interest in schoolwork negligible. 9. The reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable. 10. Science is committed to the universal. V. General Knowledge (20 points) a. Directions: Choose the best to fill in the blank or answer the question.(10 points) 1. The primary medium of language is _. A. Speech sound B. vocabulary C. discourse D. Grammar 2. On the Road is a representative work of_. S “ S “ ë$Ô»: :A. William Carlos Williams B. Muriel Spark C. Margret Atwood D. Jack Kerouac 3. Generativetransformational grammar contains two sets of rules. They are _. A. phrasestructure rules and transformational rules B. generative rules and transformational rules C. generative rules and phrasestructure rules D. syntactic rules and transformational rules 4. A Rose for Emily, written by _, recounts the story of an eccentric spinster in the South of USA. A. Katherine Anne Porter B. William Faulkner C. Zadie Smith D. Alice Walker 5. Which of the following is not an alveolar consonant phoneme? A. /t/ B. /s/ C. /n/ D. / 6. _ the 2007 Nobel Prize Winner for Literature, is a Persianborn, Rhodesian (now Zimbabwe) raised British novelist who died in 2013. A. Doris Lessing B. Erich Segal C. Seamus Heaney D.AugustWilson 7. Which of the following is not a branch of general linguistics? A. Phonology B. Psycholinguistics C. Syntax D. Semantics 8. Who is described by Mark Twain as a boy with “a sound heart and a deformed conscience?“ A. Tom Sawyer B. Huckleberry Finn C. Jim D. Tony 9. What is the smallest unit in meaning system of a language that can be distinguished from other smaller units? A. word B. lexicon S “ S “ ë$Ô»: :C. lexeme D. morphem 10. Who is the author of the work: “The Grapes of Wrath“? A. John Steinbeck B. Eugene O'Neil C. F. Scott Fitzgerald D. Theodore Dreiser b. Directions: Candidates are FREE to choose any FIVE from the following TEN terms and explain them in plain English on the answer sheet. (10 points) 1. coherence 2. government 3. morpheme 4. lateralization 5. phoneme 6. theme 7. connotation 8. motif 9. foreshadow 10. plot VI. Reading Comprehension (40 points) Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked AB, BB, CBor DB. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet. Passage A A new comparison of DNA from modern canines and ancient fossils suggests that today's pets are descended from nowextinct populations of wolves in Europe. They likely scavenged bones from scrap piles left behind by huntergatherers, say researchers in today's issue of the journal Science. And the bolder the animals got, the more food they took, and the more loyal they became to humans, they say, adding this process of domestication likely began as many as 19,000 to 32,000 years ago. “All modern dogs have a very close relationship to ancient dogs or wolves from Europe,“ says lead author Dr. Olaf Thalmann, from the University of Turku in Finland. The team analysed the mitochondrial DNA of 18 prehistoric caninesi eight dogs and 10 wolves i and compared this to DNA from a comprehensive panel of 49 wolves and 77 dogs, including Basenji and Dingo, three recently published Chinese indigenous dogs and four coyotes. The ancient samples came from Russia, Ukraine, Central Europe, the United States and Argentina, says Thalmann. Some were more than 30,000 years old. The modern DNA from dogs and wolves spanned the globe, from Israel to China, Sweden to Mexico. S “ S “ ë$Ô»: :The researchers found that the modern dogs' DNA was most closely related to either ancient European canines or modern European wolves. “The oldest domesticated dog material came from Europe,“ says coauthor Robert Wayne, a professor in the department of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of California, Los Angeles. “It was an inescapable conclusion.“ However, other researchers say the matter of who tamed dogs first and where it happened is far from settled. A separate team of researchers published a study in Science in 2002, saying that modern dogs came from southern China. “Our data points to origins in China and I am still pretty sure that is the place,“ says Dr Peter Savolainen, an associate professor at the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden. Savolainen says the study by Thalmann and colleagues lacks samples from important parts of the world i namely the Middle East and China. “If you are looking for the origins of dogs and you only have samples from Europe, then of course it must be Europe,“ he says. Savolainen says that much like the “Out of Africa“ theory that says humans originated in Africa and migrated elsewhere, dog history follows an “Out of south China“ scheme. “You see several branches that are unique among dogs in south China and you don't see them anywhere else,“ he says. Asked about the criticism from China theorists, Thalmann countered that his team used more complete DNA sequencing and older samples that show Europe was indeed the place where it all began. Still, the matter is far from settled, says Thalmann. More research in the years to come may reveal more on the topic, perhaps through the discovery of more fossils, or a more complete look at the genetic data. In the meantime, most experts agree that early dogs became a part of human life long before the development of agriculture and farming societies. Little is known about the people who domesticated them, or how they did it. But Savolainen believes