宁波大学 2018 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A 卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)第 1 页 共 2 页科目代码：861总分值：150科目名称： 翻译与汉语Part I Translation (100 points)Direction: This part consists of three passages. Translate Passage 1 from English into Chinese and Passages 2 and 3 from Chinese into English.Passage 1: English- Chinese Translation. (50 points) The Victorians, realizing that the greatest Happiness accorded to man is that provided by a happy marriage, endeavoured to pretend that all their marriages were happy. We, for our part, admitting the fact that no feat of intelligence and character is so exacting as that required of two people who desire to live permanently together on a basis of amity, are obsessed by the problem of how to render the basic facts of cohabitation simpler and more reasonable, in order that unhappy marriages may less frequently result. The Victorians would have considered it 'painful' or 'unpleasant' were one to point out that only four marriages out of every ten are anything but forced servitudes. We ourselves start from this very assumption and try to build from it a theory of more sensible relations between the sexes. Of all forms of arrant untruthfulness Victorian optimism appears to me to have been the most cowardly and the most damaging.Truth, therefore, is an attitude of the mind. It is important, if one does not wish to inconvenience and to bore one's friends, not to tell lies. But it is more important not to think lies, or to slide into those mechanical and untruthful habits of thought which are so pleasant and so easy as descents to mental ineptitude. The Victorian habit of mind (which I consider to have been a bad habit of mind) was unduly preoccupied by what was socially and morally convenient. Convenience is, however, in all affairs of life, an execrable test of value. One should have the courage to think uncomfortably, since it is only by rejecting the convenient that one can come to think the truth. Not, after all, that there is any such thing as truth. At best we can approach to some relative approximation. On the other hand, there is surely such a thing as untruth. One is generally aware when one has said something, or acted in some way which has left on other people an impression not strictly in accordance with the facts. One is generally aware, also, when one has thrust aside an inconvenient thought and slid into its place another thought which is convenient. One's awareness in the former case is in general more acute than in the latter, since we are more on the look-out for the lies we utter than for those we merely think. In fact, however, it is the untruthful thought which is the more vicious of the two. Spoken lies are invariably tiresome and may actually be dishonest. But continuous lying in the mind, a disease to which the Anglo-Saxon is peculiarly exposed, spells the destruction of human thought and character.Passage 2: Chinese - English Translation. (20 points)亚洲供应链日渐发展，而且不少后起发展国家亦跟随中国步伐，逐步建立现代化生产基地，希望促进经济发展，同时提升人民收入水平。亚洲不少新发展地区的生产成本相对偏低，部分更拥有充足的工业用地和劳动力供应，遂成为亚洲以至全球生产企业及相关投资者考虑转移生产的新兴目的地，以及采购原材料和工业物料的新来源地。有关发展除了吸引欧、美、日、韩等企业的目光外，亦同时受到中国内地企业注意。中国经过 30 年快速发展后，投资环境正逐渐改变，内地企业亟需提升业务价值，同时利用外部资源增强竞争力。宁波大学 2018 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A 卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)第 2 页 共 2 页科目代码：861总分值：150科目名称： 翻译与汉语Passage 3: Chinese - English Translation. (30 points)“发现”一词，字面上是指揭开某种视线以外的隐藏的事物。不过其实是观察者自身发生了变化。很少人能抗拒熟悉事物带来的舒适，愿意扰乱这种舒适的人更少。然而，正如望远镜、显微镜这些较为近期的发明所揭示给我们的，求知事物具有多种层次。每个事实都有地质层次，没有异端也就无所谓正统。新生儿睁开双眼的那一刻起，发现也就开始了。我是在一天清晨给一头小牛犊接生的时候突然意识到这一点的，不禁大笑。小牛仰起毛茸茸的脑袋看着我，目光中透出这个新生命对世界的一无所知。片刻这前，它还呆在母体里某个黑暗而平静的地方，突然，它的世界变得五光十色，变得活泼而喧闹。我从未见过任何东西在获得生命时是如些的惊异。Part II Chinese Proficiency Test (50 Points)一、 名词解释（5×2=10）1. 兼语句2. （修辞）粘连3. 语素4. 楷书5. （造字法）形声二、 简答题（5×4=20）1. 语音的社会属性有哪些？2. 何谓词义的民族性？3. 现代汉语口语与书面语的关系。4. 简要说明句群与复句、段落的区别。5. 同义词的差别表现在哪些方面？三、 作文（1×20=20）共享单车自 2016 年初进入公众视线，便迅速地占领了城市道路和舆论终端，从最后一公里便利到国民素质讨论、从分享经济到过剩经济、从数亿美元的融资到悟空单车等的倒闭，从国内向二三线城市扩张到走出国门，共享单车的健康发展已成为政府、企业、投资机构、智库以及社会大众关注的重要话题。请据此话题用现代汉语写一篇 800-1000 汉字的论说文。