新 祥 旭 官 网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/2020-2021暨 南 大 学 英 语 翻 译 硕 士 专 业 考 研 择 校 ， 参 考 书 ， 历 年 报 录比 ， 考 研 经 验 -新 祥 旭 考 研 辅 导暨 南 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 ， 前 身 为 暨 南 大 学 于 1927 年 创 办 的 外 国 语 言 文 学 系 ， 历 史 上 著 名 专 家学 者 叶 公 超 、 梁 实 秋 、 钱 钟 书 、 许 国 璋 等 教 授 曾 在 该 系 任 教 。 英 语 语 言 文 学 硕 士 点 是 暨 南 大学 最 早 取 得 硕 士 学 位 授 予 权 的 硕 士 点 之 一 ， 著 名 学 者 曾 昭 科 、 翁 显 良 、 张 鸾 铃 、 谭 时 霖 、 黄均 、 黄 锡 祥 等 教 授 先 后 担 任 导 师 。 外 国 语 学 院 充 分 利 用 综 合 性 大 学 学 科 齐 全 的 优 势 来 培 养 学生 ， 使 之 具 有 扎 实 的 外 语 基 本 功 、 合 理 的 知 识 结 构 和 较 全 面 的 综 合 素 质 ， 在 国 内 的 外 语 水 平测 试 、 外 语 竞 赛 中 屡 屡 取 得 优 秀 成 绩 。 暨 南 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 毕 业 生 就 业 形 势 良 好 ， 他 们 基 础扎 实 ， 潜 力 大 ， 后 劲 足 ， 能 够 胜 任 外 事 、 外 交 、 外 贸 、 金 融 、 新 闻 、 出 版 、 教 育 等 部 门 具 有挑 战 性 的 工 作 ， 并 有 出 色 表 现 。2019年 暨 南 大 学 英 语 专 业 硕 士 研 究 生 招 生 专 业 目 录 以 及 计 划 招 生 人 数新 祥 旭 官 网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/参 考 书 翻 译 硕 士 英 语 新 东 方 专 八 词 汇 、 GRE词 汇 华 研 的 专 四 语 法 与 词 汇 星 火 基 础 英 语 考 点 精 梳 精 炼 专 八 阅 读 星 火 专 八 作 文 二 、 英 语 翻 译 基 础 张 培 基 中 国 现 代 散 文 选 、 散 文 佳 作 108篇 、叶 子 南 高 级 英 汉 翻 译 理 论 与 实 践 、 三 笔 实 务 三 、 汉 语 百 科 知 识 与 写 作 百 科 知 识 考 点 精 编 与 真 题 剖 析 、 中 国 文 化 读 本 、 中 国 文 学 与 中 国 文 化 知 识 应 用 指 南 、 新 祥 旭 汉 语 写 作 与 百 科 知 识 考 研 真 题2018 年 翻 译 硕 士 专 业 学 位 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 试 题 (A 卷 )*学 科 、 专 业 名 称 ： 翻 译 硕 士 专 业研 究 方 向 ： 英 语 笔 译考 试 科 目 名 称 ： 翻 译 硕 士 英 语 考 试 科 目 代 码 ： 211考 生 注 意 ： 所 有 答 案 必 须 写 在 答 题 纸 （ 卷 ） 上 ， 写 在 本 试 题 上 一 律 不 给 分 。新 祥 旭 官 网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/I. Vocabulary the absence of internaltariffs, such as those that existed in France or Italy or between the German states, madeBritain the largest free-trade area in Europe. Britains relatively stable government alsohelped create an atmosphere conducive to industrial progress.31. The word “potential” in paragraph 1 is closet in meaning to _.A. rate B. dominance C. capacity D. method32. According to paragraph 1, all of the following conditions created a favorableenvironment for the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT _.A. an active overseas tradeB. the stability of financial establishmentsC. a decline in the types of goods available for exportD. the accessibility of money for investment33.According to paragraph 2, what enabled the development of British technology?A. an accessible water transportation systemB. a mild climate and plenty of fresh water.C. a fuel supply that supported industrial growth.D. BothAand C.34. Paragraph 3 suggests that the Industrial Revolution did not originate outside GreatBritain because _.A. the labor force in other countries could not as easily relocate to cities.B. workers in other countries preferred working independently rather than in groups.C. there was a lack of cooperation between agricultural and cottage workersin other countries.D. governments in other countries placed limits on economic gain.35. The phrase “conducive to” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.A. controlled by .B. favorable to .C. restricted to .D. dependent onPassage 2Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Tunas, mackerels, and billfishes (marlins, sailfishes, and swordfish) swim新 祥 旭 官 网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/continuously. Feeding, courtship, reproduction, and even “rest“ are carried out while inconstant motion. As a result, practically every aspect of the body form and function ofthese swimming “machines“ is adapted to enhance their ability to swim.Many of the adaptations of these fishes serve to reduce water resistance (drag).Interestingly enough, several of these hydrodynamic adaptations resemble featuresdesigned to improve the aerodynamics of high-speed aircraft. Though human engineersare new to the game, tunas and their relatives evolved their “high-tech” designs longago.Tunas, mackerels, and billfishes have made streamlining into an art form. Theirbodies are sleek and compact. The body shapes of tunas, in fact, are nearly ideal froman engineering point of view. Most species lack scales over most of the body, making itsmooth and slippery. The eyes lie flush with the body and do not protrude at all. Theyare also covered with a slick, transparent lid that reduces drag. The fins are stiff,smooth, and narrow, qualities that also help cut drag. When not in use, the fins aretucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and donot break up its smooth contours. Airplanes retract their landing gear while in flight forthe same reason.Tunas, mackerels, and billfishes have even more sophisticated adaptations thanthese to improve their hydrodynamics. The long bill of marlins, sailfishes, andswordfish probably helps them slip through the water. Many supersonic aircraft have asimilar needle at the nose.Most tunas and billfishes have a series of keels and finlets near the tail. Althoughmost of their scales have been lost, tunas and mackerels retain a patch of coarse scalesnear the head called the corselet. The keels, finlets, and corselet help direct the flow ofwater over the body surface in such as way as to reduce resistance. Again, supersonicjets have similar features.Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouths andwater is forced in and over their gills. Accordingly, they have lost most of the musclesthat other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. In fact, tunas must swimto breathe. They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking, since most havelargely or completely lost the swim bladder, the gas-filled sac that helps most other fishremain buoyant.36. The word “enhance” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.A. use B. improve C. counteract D. balance37. Why does the author mention that Airplanes retract their landing gear while inflight?A. To show that air resistance and water resistance work differently fromeach other.B. To argue that some fishes are better designed than airplanes are.C. To provide evidence that airplane engineers have studied the design offish bodies.D. To demonstrate a similarity in design between certain fishes and airplanes.新 祥 旭 官 网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/38. The word “sophisticated” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _.A. complex B. amazing C. creative D. practical39. According to paragraph 4, the long bills of marlins, sailfish, and swordfish probablyhelp these fishes by _.A. increasing their ability to defend themselvesB. allowing them to change direction easilyC. increasing their ability to detect odorsD. reducing water resistance as they swim40. According to the passage, which of the following is one of the reasons that tunasare in constant motion?A. They lack a swim bladder.B. They need to suck in more water than other fishes do.C. They have large muscles for breathing.D. They cannot open their mouths unless they are in motion.Passage 3Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Under the right circumstances, choosing to spend time alone can be a hugepsychological blessing. In the 1980s, the Italian journalist and author Tiziano Terzani,after many years of reporting across Asia, holed himself up in a cabin in IbarakiPrefecture, Japan. “For a month I had no one to talk to except my dog Baoli,” he wrotein his book A Fortune Teller Told Me. Terzani passed the time with books, observingnature, “listening to the winds in the trees, watching butterflies, enjoying silence.” Forthe first time in a long while he felt free from the unending anxieties of daily life: “Atlast I had time to have time.”Terzanis embrace of isolation was relatively unusual: humans have longconsidered solitude an inconvenience, something to avoid, a punishment, a realm ofloners. Science has often associated it with negative outcomes. Freud, who linkedsolitude with anxiety, noted that, “in children the first fears relating to situations arethose of darkness and solitude.” John Cacioppo, a modern social neuro-scientist whohas extensively studied loneliness what he calls “chronic perceived isolation” contends that, beyond damaging our thinking powers, isolation can even harm ourphysical health. But increasingly scientists are approaching solitude as something that,when pursued by choice, can prove a therapy.This is especially true in times of personal disorder, when the instinct is often forpeople to reach outside of themselves for support. “When people are experiencingcrisis its not always just about you: Its about how you are in society,” explains JackFong, a sociologist at California State Polytechnic University who has studied solitude.In other words, when people remove themselves from the social context of theirlives, they are better able to see how theyre shaped by that context. Thomas Merton, a新 祥 旭 官 网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/monk and writer who spent years alone, held a similar notion. “We cannot see things inperspective until we cease to hug them to our breast,” he writes in Thoughts inSolitude. “People can go for a walk or listen to music and feel that they are deeply intouch with themselves.”41. Tiziano Terzani spent a month alone to _.A. embrace isolationB. write a bookC. study butterfliesD. look after his dog42. The word “solitude” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.A. growing anxiousB. being helplessC. feeling emptyD. staying alone43. The opinions of Freud and Cacioppo are cited to show that _.A. children tend to fear darkness and solitudeB. solitude pursued by choice can be a therapy.C. chronic isolation can harm interpersonal relationsD. solitude has long been linked with negative outcomes.44.According to Jack Fong, the sense of personal crisis may be influenced by _.A. an isolated lifestyleB. social contextC. low self-esteemD. mental disorder45. The main idea of the passage is that _.A. solitude should be avoided at all costs.B. anxieties of daily life may cause personal crisisC. choosing to spend time alone can be a blessingD. seeking support is useless for tackling personal crisis.Section B Short-Answer Questions (10%)Passage 4Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:For the century before Johnsons Dictionary was published in 1775, there had beenconcern about the state of the English language. There was no standard way ofspeaking or writing and no agreement as to the best way of bringing some order to thechaos of English spelling. Dr Johnson provided the solution.There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a littlebook of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604under the title A Table Alphabeticall of hard usuall English wordes. Like the various