1 2018年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 （ 重要提示 ：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分 ，答题纸上务必标清楚大题号和小题号 ） 考试科目： 综合英语 I. Structure and Vocabulary: (40/150) (I) Grammar Directions: In this part, there are 20 sentences. After each sentence there are four choices and you should decide on the best one. 1. In fact he had done _ he could to help the poor. A. what B. which C. as D. all which 2. Weve tested ten types of material, _ is completely waterproof. A. no of which B. none of which C. some of that D. neither of which 3. _ makes men different from the other animals is that they can think and speak. A. That B. The thing C. All D. What 4. She scarcely cares for anything, _? A. doesnt she B. does she C. is she D. isnt she 5. He has made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think it is B. of which I think it is C. I think which is D. which I think is 6. _ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving. A. Little they realize B. They little do realize C. Little realize do they D. Little do they realize 7. They will go home for winter vacation as soon as they_ their exams. A. have finished B .finish C. will finish D. will have finished 8. Without your help, we _ so much. A. didnt achieve B. would not have achieved C. will not achieve D. dont achieve 9. The time will come _ man can fly to outer space freely. A. that B. when C. in that D. which 10. _ you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions. A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized 11. Tom said that he wouldnt mind _. A. to wait for us B. waiting for us C. wait for us D. for waiting us 12. The students are busy_ the examination. A. preparing for B. preparing C. to prepare D. to prepare for 13. Its high time we _ something to stop traffic accident. A. do B. will C. did D. must do 14. We can hardly avoid making any mistakes in our work _ hard we try. A. whatever B. how C. no matter D. however 15. He spoke confidently, _ impressed me most. 2 A. so that B. it C. that D. which 16. He asked _since he had been chairman for seven years. A. not to have been re-elected B. to be not re-elected C. not to be re-elected D. to have not been re-elected 17. He took down a square green bottle, _he poured into a dish. A. its contents B. which content C. the contents of which D. the content of that 18. We regret _ you that the materials you ordered are out of stock. A. informing B. to inform C. informed D. to have informed 19. Our teacher recommends that we _ as attentive as possible when we visit the museum. A. are B. were C. shall be D. be 20. Never before that night _ the extent of my own power. A. had I feel B. I felt C. did I feel D. I would feel (II) Vocabulary Directions: In this part, there are 20 sentences. After each sentence there are four choices, and you should decide on the best choice. 21. No one knows there is a small island inhabited by a vast assemblage of animals and plants in that country. A. occupied B. lived C. habituated D. dwelled 22. Lack of employment outside the home tends to make women vulnerable to depression. A. surprised by B. impressed by C. attacked by D. disappointed by 23. Many factories suffered substantial damage last year. A. little B. existent C. solid D. noticeable 24. Thanks to John I began to learn to trust my feelings. A. Thanks for B. Owing to C. Depending on D. Obliged to 25. Rice production soared from 694,000 tons to 913,000. A. roared B. grew C. flew D. reduced 26. Martins job offer spurred the others to do something themselves. A. speed B. encouraged C. made D. wished 27. The decline of the motor industry was obviously seen in the economic crisis last year. A. weakening B. refusing C. decaying D. wasting 28. The earliest fish have evolved into some 30,000 different species. A. exhibited B. developed C. expanded D. extended 29. She inherited her mothers good looks and her fathers bad temper. A. derived B. hindered C. objected D. mixed 30. If they dont invest wisely, they can lose their millions as fast as their ancestors made them. A. descents B. successors C. forefathers D. predecessors 31. It is surprising that many millionaires are tightfisted. A. generous B. modest C. industrious D. miserly 32. The improved lid of this jar makes for easier opening. A. interprets B. gives in C. supports D. contributes to 33. People have to resort to elaborate security systems to protect themselves. A. complicated B. up to date C. coherent D. popular 34. This is a clear indictment of government mismanagement, 3 A. sign B. statement C. accusation D. injustice 35. Landing on the moon was one of the most dramatic scientific adventures of this century. A. literal B. impressive C. flexible D. constructive 36. There is a(n) atmosphere of peace and calm in the country. A. general impression B. environment C. climate D. complexity 37. The situation in Asia shows how power has shifted from individual governments to the markets. A. changed B. went around C. happened D. placed 38. Other factors contributing to the rise of Globalization are new technologies and better transportation systems. A. giving to B. causing about C. leading to D. resulting from 39. The teacher illustrated his lesson about France with photographs of the people who live there. A. indicated B. explained C. protected D. instructed 40. They disputed with each other on various issues. A. discussed B. competed C. disagreed D. argued II. Read the following passages and choose the best from the four choices to complete the work attached at the end of each passage: (40/150) Passage A Hot boning is an energy saving technique for the meat processing industry. It has received considerable attention in recent years when increased pressure for energy conservation has accentuated the need for more efficient methods of processing the bovine carcass. Cooling of an entire carcass requires a considerable amount of refrigerated space, since bone and trimmable fat are cooled along with the muscle. It is also necessary to space the carcasses adequately in the refrigerated room for better air movement and prevention of microbial contamination, thus adding to the volume requirements for carcass chillers. Conventional handling of meat involves holding the beef sides in the cooler for 24 to 36 hours before boning. Chilling in the traditional fashion is also associated with a loss of carcass weight ranging from 2% to 4% due to evaporation of moisture from the meat tissue. Early excision, or hot boning, of muscle prerigor followed by vacuum packaging has several potential advantages. By removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor, refrigeration space and costs are minimized, boning labor is decreased and storage yields increased. Because hot boning often results in toughening of meat, a more recent approach, hot boning often following electrical stimulation, has been used to reduce the necessary time of rigor mortis. Some researchers have found this method beneficial in maintaining tender meat, while others have found that the meat also becomes tough after electrical stimulation. 1. Which of the following was not mentioned as a drawback of the conventional methods of boning? A. Storage space requirements. B. Energy waste. C. Loss of carcass weight. D. Toughness of meat. 2. Hot boning is becoming very popular because _. A. it causes meat to be very tender B. it helps conserve energy and is less expensive than conventional methods C. meat tastes better when the bone is adequately seared along with the meat D. it reduces the weight of the carcass 3. Carcass chiller means most nearly _. A. a refrigerator for the animal body 4 B. a method of boning meat C. electrical stimulation of beef D. early excision 4.Early excision means most nearly _. A. vacuum packaging B. hot boning C. carcass chilling D. electrical stimulation 5. The toughening of meat during hot boning has been combatted by _. A. following hot boning with electrical stimulation B. tenderizing the meat C. using electrical stimulation before hot boning D. removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor Passage B In 1920, after some thirty-nine years of problems with disease, high costs, and politics, Panama Canal was officially opened, finally linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by allowing ships to pass through the fifty-mile canal zone instead of traveling some seven thousand miles around Cape Horn. It takes a ship approximately eight hours to complete the trip through the canal and costs an average of fifteen thousand dollars, one tenth of what it would coast an average ship to round the Horn. More than fifteen thousand ships pass through its locks each year. The French initiated the project but sold their right to the United States. The latter would control it until the end of the twentieth century when Panama took over its duties. 6.Who currently controls the Panama Canal? A. France B. Panama C. United States D. Canal Zone 7. In approximately what did a different government take control of the Panama Canal? A. 2000 B. 2100 C. 3001 D. 2999 8. On the average, how much would it cost a ship to travel around Cape Horn? A. $1,500 B. $15,000 C. $150,000 D. $1,500,000 9. In what year was construction probably begun on the canal? A. 1881 B. 1920 C. 1939 D. 1999 10. What can be inferred from this reading? A. This is a costly project which should be reevaluated. B. Despite all the problems involved, the project is beneficial. C. Many captains prefer to sail around Cape Horn because it is less expensive. D. Due to all the problems, three governments have had to control the canal over the years. Passage C In 776 B. C. the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks chief god, Zeus. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contests in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having 5 poems sung about their deeds. Originally these were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place. The Greeks attached so much importance to these games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads” dating from 776 B. C. 11. Which of the following is not true? A. Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads. B. The games were held in Greece every four years. C. Battles were interrupted to participate in the games. D. Poems glorified the winners in song. 12. Why were the Olympic Games held? A. To sop wars. B. To honor Zeus. C. To crown the best athletes. D. To sing songs about the athletes. 13. Approximately how many years ago did these games originated? A. 776 years. B. 2,277 years. C. 1,205 years. D. 2,790 years. 14. Which of the following contests was not mentioned? A. Discus throwing. B. Boxing. C. Skating. D. Running. 15. What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks? A. They liked to fight. B. They were very athletic. C. They liked a lot of ceremony. C. they couldnt count, so they used “Olympiads” for dates. Passage D Petroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosene, home heating oil, residual fuel oil, and lubricating oils, come from one sourcecrude oil found below the earths surface, as well as under large bodies of water, from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25,000 feet into the earths interior. Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth, but more dry holes are drilled than those producing oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface. Crude oil wells flow at varying rates, from ten to thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products are always measured in 42-gallon barrels. Petroleum products vary very greatly in physical appearance: thin, thick, transparent or opaque, but regardless, their chemical composition is made up of only two elements: carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbons. Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities. Trace elements are also found, but these are of such minute quantities that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule. The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors. These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosene, and distillate oil. The residue remaining after the light oils are distilled is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning under boilers. Additional complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical 6 structure of the hydrocarbons to produce other products, some of which are used to upgrade and increase the octane rating of various types of gasoline. 16. Which of the following is not true? A. Crude oil is found below land and water. B. Crude oil is always found a few hundred feet below the surface. C. Pumping and pressure force crude oil to the surface. D. A variety of petroleum products is obtained from crude oil. 17. Many thousands of hydrocarbon compounds are possible because_. A. the petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance B. complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure C. the two atoms in the molecule assume many positions D. the pressure needed to force it to the surface causes molecular transformation 18. Which of the following is true? A. The various petroleum products are produced by filtration. B. Heating and condensation produce the various products. C. Chemical separation is used to produce the various products. D. Mechanical means such as the centrifuge are used to produce the various products. 19. How is crude oil brought to the surface? A. Exp