2015 年考研英语(二) 真题解析+答案 完整版Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with or even looking at a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to the phones, even without a _1_ on a subway.Its a sad reality our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings because theres _2_ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldnt know it, _3_ into your phone. This universal protection sends the _4_:”Please dont approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide _5_ our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be _6_ as “weird.” We fear well be _7_. We fear well be disruptive.Strangers are inherently_8_to us, so we are more likely to feel_9_when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we_ 10_ to our phones.” Phones become our security blanket,” Wortmann says.” They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more _11_”But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesnt _12_so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a _13_. They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow _14_.”When Dr. Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to _15_how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their _16_ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” The New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience, after they _17_with the experiment,” not a single person reported having been embarrassed”_18_, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, whichmakes absolute sense, _19_human beings thrive off of social connections. Its that _20_: Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.选项及答案：1. Asignal Bpermit Cticket Drecord2. Anothing Blittle Canother Dmuch3. Abeaten Bguided Cplugged Dbrought4. Asign Bcode Cnotice Dmessage5. Aunder Bbehind Cbeyond Dfrom6. Amisapplied Bmismatched Cmisadjusted Dmisinterpreted7. Areplaced Bfired Cjudged Ddelayed8. Aunreasonable Bungrateful Cunconventional Dunfamiliar9. Acomfortable Bconfident Canxious Dangry10. Aattend Bpoint Ctake Dturn11. Adangerous Bmysterious Cviolent Dboring12. Ahurt Bresist Cbend Ddecay13. Alecture Bconversation Cdebate Dnegotiation14. Apassengers Bemployees Cresearchers Dtrainees15. Areveal Bchoose Cpredict Ddesign16. Avoyage Bride Cwalk Dflight17. Awent through Bdid away Ccaught up Dput up18. AIn turn BIn fact CIn particular DIn consequence19. Aunless Bsince Cif Dwhereas20. Afunny Blogical Csimple Drarepage原文及答案：While the subway's arrival may be ambiguous, one thing about your commute is certain: No one wants to talk to each other. In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with - or even looking at - a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 signal underground.It's a sad reality - our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings - because there's 2 much to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it,3 plugged into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 message: 'Please don't approach me.'What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 behind our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach and author of 'Hijacked by Your Brain: How to Free Yourself When Stress Takes Over.' We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 misinterpreted as 'creepy,' he told The Huffington Post. We fear we'll be 7 judged. We fear we'll be disruptive.Strangers are inherently8 unfamiliar to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 anxious when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 turn to our phones. 'Phones become our security blanket,' Wortmann says. 'They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 dangerous.'But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't12 hurt so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 conversation. The duo had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow14 passengers. 'When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to15 predict how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their16 ride would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,' the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they17 went through with the experiment, 'not a single person reported having been snubbed.'18 In fact, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 since human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 simple: Talking to strangers can make you feel connected. The train ride is a fortuity for social connection - 'the stuff of life,' Wortmann says. Even seemingly trivial interactions can boost mood and increase the sense of belonging. A study similar in hypothesis to Eply and Schroder's published in Social Psychological they need to be talked into is, of if they're teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, theyre teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they're your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_.A offered greater relaxation than the workplaceB was an ideal place for stress measurementC generated more stress than the workplaceD was an unrealistic place for relaxation22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?A Childless wivesB working mothersC Childless husbandsD Working fathers23. The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact that_AJ it is difficult for them to leave their officeB their home is also a place for kicking backC there is often much housework left behindDJ they are both bread winners and housewives24. The word “moola“(Line 4, para.4) most probably means_AskillsBenergyCearningsDnutrition25. The home front differs from the workplace in that_Adivision of labor at home is seldom clear-cutBhome is hardly a cozier working environmentChousehold tasks are generally more motivatingDfamily labor is often adequately rewarded参考答案：21-25 ACDCApageText2For years, studies have found that first-generation collage students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox“ in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close“ an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis-that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the 'rules of the game,' and take advantage of colleges resources,” they write, And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don't talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students.“Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students “like them' can improve.“26. Recruiting more first-generation students has .A reduced their dropout ratesB narrowed the achievement gapC depressed college studentsD missed its original purpose27. The authors of the research article are optimistic because .A their findings appeal to studentsB the recruiting rate has increasedC the problem is solvableD their approach is costless28. The study suggests that most first-generation students .A study at private universitiesB are from single-parent familiesC are in need of financial supportD have failed their college29. The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students .A are actually indifferent to the achievement gapB can have a potential influence on other studentsC may lack opportunities to apply for research projectsD are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that .A universities often reject the culture of the middle-classB colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionC social class greatly helps enrich educational experiencesD students are usually to blame for their lack of resources参考答案：26-30 DCCDBpageEven in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didnt talk about energy; we didnt talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-orientedand not by coincidence. “Lets not forget sportsin male-dominated corporate America, its still a big deal. Its not explicitly conscious; its the idea that Im a coach, and youre my team, and were in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think ofthemselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.” These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaningand, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still cant have it all and books like Sheryl Sandbergs Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” youll be more likelyto devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed. But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think its nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace thats fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your workand how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_.Amore objectiveBless energeticCmore emotionalDless strategic32.“Team“-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_.Asports cultureBgender differenceChistorical incidentsDathletic executives33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to_.Apromote company imageBstrengthen employee loyaltyCfoster corporate cooperationDrevive historical terms34. It can be inferred that Lean In_.Avoices for working womenBappeals to passionate workaholicsCtriggers debates among mommiesDpraises motivated employees35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?AManagers admire it but avoid it.BLinguists believe it to be nonsense.CCompanies find it to be fundamental.DRegular people mock it but accept it.参考答案：31-35 ACDADpageText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level.