考试科目：翻译硕士英语 共 14 页，第 1 页2019 年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A 卷）*学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业 研 究 方 向： 英语笔译考试科目名称： 翻译硕士英语 考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。 I. Vocabulary they thought it would be merely another of the many Western ideas that had already proved useful in Asian culture, akin to airlines, electricity, and the assembly line. The founders of the program, however, realized that neither view was correct. They had some reservations about the applicability of Western feminist theories to the role of women in Asia and felt that such theories should be closely examined. Their approach has thus far yielded important critiques of Western theory, informed by the special experience of Asian women.For instance, like the Western feminist critique of the Freudian model of the human psyche, the Korean critique finds Freudian theory culture-bound, but in ways different from those cited by Western theorists. The Korean theorists claim that Freudian theory assumes the universality of the Western nuclear, male-headed family and focuses on the personality formation of the individual, independent of society. An analysis based on such assumptions could be valid for a highly competitive, individualistic society. In the Freudian family drama, family members are assumed to be engaged in a Darwinian struggle against each otherfather against son and sibling against sibling. Such a concept projects the competitive model of Western society onto human personalities. But in the Asian concept of personality there is no ideal attached to individualism or to the 考试科目：翻译硕士英语 共 14 页，第 8 页independent self. The Western model of personality development does not explain major characteristics of the Korean personality, which is social and group-centered. The “self” is a social being defined by and acting in a group, and the well-being of both men and women is determined by the equilibrium of the group, not by individual self-assertion. The ideal is one of interdependency.In such a context, what is recognized as “dependency” in Western psychiatric terms is not, in Korean terms, an admission of weakness or failure. All this bears directly on the Asian perception of mens and womens psychology because men are also “dependent.” In Korean culture, men cry and otherwise easily show their emotions, something that might be considered a betrayal of masculinity in Western culture. In the kinship-based society of Korea, four generations may live in the same house, which means that people can be sons and daughters all their lives, whereas in Western culture, the roles of husband and son, wife and daughter, are often incompatible.38. Which of the following best summarizes the content of the passage? A. A critique of a particular womens studies program. B. A report of work in social theory done by a particular womens studies program. C. An assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a particular womens studies program. D. An analysis of the philosophy underlying womens studies programs. 339. It can be inferred from the passage that Korean scholars in the field of womens studies undertook an analysis of Freudian theory as a response to which of the following? A. Attacks by critics of the Ewha womens studies program. B. The superficiality of earlier critiques of Freudian theory. C. The popularity of Freud in Korean psychiatric circles. D. Their assessment of the relevance and limitations of Western feminist theory with respect to Korean culture. 40. Which of the following conclusions about the introduction of Western ideas to Korean society can be supported by information contained in the passage? A. Except for technological innovations, few Western ideas have been successfully transplanted into Korean society.B. The introduction of Western ideas to Korean society is viewed by some Koreans as a challenge to Korean identity.C. The development of the Korean economy depends heavily on the development of new academic programs modeled after Western programs.D. The extent to which Western ideas must be adapted for acceptance by Korean 考试科目：翻译硕士英语 共 14 页，第 9 页society is minimal.41. It can be inferred from the passage that the position taken by some of the supporters of the Ewha womens studies program was problematic to the founders of the program because those supporters _. A. assumed that the program would be based on the uncritical adoption of Western theory B. failed to show concern for the issues of national unification and economic developmentC. were unfamiliar with Western feminist theoryD. were not themselves scholars in the field of womens studies42. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the view of personality development held by the Ewha womens studies group? A. Personality development occurs in identifiable stages, beginning with dependency in childhood and ending with independence in adulthood.B. Any theory of personality development, in order to be valid, must be universal.C. Personality development is influenced by the characteristics of the society in which a person lives.D. Personality development is hindered if a person is not permitted to be independent.43. Which of the following statements about the Western feminist critique of Freudian theory can be supported by information contained in the passage? A. It recognizes the influence of Western culture on Freudian theory.B. It was written after 1977.C. It acknowledges the universality of the nuclear, male-headed family.D. It challenges Freuds analysis of the role of daughters in Western society. 44. According to the passage, critics of the Ewha womens studies program cited the program as a threat to which of the following? I. National identityII. National unificationIII. Economic developmentIV. Family integrityA. I only B. I and II onlyC. I, II, and III only D. II, III, and IV only考试科目：翻译硕士英语 共 14 页，第 10 页Passage 3Questions 45 to 50 are based on the following passage. In the eighteenth century, Japans feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlords income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlords income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary office-holding) as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover.It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japans central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained. Therefore, the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources for revenue. Cash profits from government-owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold had been exhausted, although debasement of the coinage had compensated for the loss. Opening up new farmland was a possibility, but most of what was suitable had already been exploited and further reclamation was technically unfeasible. Direct taxation of the samurai themselves would be politically dangerous. This left the shoguns only commerce as a potential source of government income.Most of the countrys wealth, or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants. It appeared reasonable that they should contribute part of that revenue to ease the shoguns burden of financing the state. A means of obtaining such revenue was soon found by levying forced loans, known as goyo-kin; although these were not taxes in the strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount, they were high in yield. Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawa shoguns search for solvency for the government made it increasingly difficult for individual Japanese who lived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.45. Which of the following financial situations is most analogous to the financial situation in which Japans Tokugawa shoguns found themselves in the eighteenth century? A. A small business borrows heavily to invest in new equipment, but is able to pay off its debt early when it is awarded a lucrative government contract.