考试科目：外国语言文学综合考试 共 6 页，第 1 页2019 年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）*招生专业与代码：外国语言文学 0502 (涵盖英语语言文学 050201、外国语言学及应用语言学 050211) 考试科目名称及代码：808 外国语言文学综合考试 考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。 I. Multiple choices. There are 20 questions in this part. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both linguistics candidates and literature candidates must do this part. (20%) 1. A king or a queen is the head of the United Kingdom as the state is a constitutional monarchy. In practice, _. A. Parliament rules the country B. the Prime Minister rules and reignsC. the Sovereign reigns but does not rule D. the Sovereign rules but does not reign2. Since 1945, two parties, _, have held political power in the UK. A. the Conservative Party and the Labor Party B. the Democratic Party and the Republican Party C. the Labor Party and the Social Democratic Party D. the Labor Party and the Democratic Party 3. The finest exponents of Elizabethan drama in the English Renaissance are represented by _. A. Ben Johnson, Christopher Marlowe and Charles Dickens B. Edmund Spenser, Charles Dickens and William Shakespeare C. William Shakespeare, Ben Johnson and Charles Dickens D. William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson 4. The mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social economic organization in Great Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries is referred to as _. A. Economic Boom B. Industrial Revolution C. Glorious Revolution D. Urbanization 5. In the UK, children from the age of 5 to 16 _. A. receive completely free education B. receive partly free education C. do not receive free education at allD. do not receive free education if their parents are rich6. Discovery of law of the universal gravitation by _ is the most important of all his achievements in physics. A. Kepler B. Isaac Newton C. Galileo D. Copernicus7. The earliest settlers in America first found and took over the parts of _.考试科目：外国语言文学综合考试 共 6 页，第 2 页A. The Appalachians and their foothills B. The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain C. The interior lowlands D. The Cordillera 8. _ guaranteed the blacks and other races in the U.S. the right to vote. A. Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 B. The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865 C. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 D. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 9. In early 19th century, _was the center of American writing. A. Boston B. Chicago C. Philadelphia D. New York City 10. _ is the most important and largest river in the United States of America. A. The Colorado River B. The Mississippi River C. The Missouri River D. The Ohio River 11. In the United States of America, Constitutional Amendment can go into effect after it is approved by _. A. two thirds of both houses B. three fourths of the states C. two thirds of the states D. half of the states 12. _ is not the major newspaper or magazine in the U. S. A. Financial Times B. New York Times C. Washington Post D. National Geography .13. Canada consists of _ geographical regions. A. three B. four C. five D. six 14. Maples always symbolize _.A. America B. Australia C. Canada D. England 15. English and _ are the official languages in Canada. A. French B. German C. Portuguese D. Spanish16. The important economy in Canadas Atlantic provinces is _ since there are rich green mountains and valleys in these regions. A. agriculture B. forestry trade C. textile business D. tourist trade 17. Australia locates between _ and Indian Ocean.A. the Arctic B. the Atlantic C. the North Sea D. Pacific Ocean 18. _ is the sunniest city in Australia.A. Adelaide B. Darwin C. Melbourne D. Sydney 19. _ is not one of the major exports of New Zealand. A. Dairy B. Fish C. Oil D. Wool 20. The Republic of Ireland declared its independence in _. A. 1918 B. 1931 C. 1945 D. 1949 II. Fill in the blanks with proper answers. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both linguistics candidates and literature candidates must do this part. (20%)1. The description of a language as it changes through time is a _ study in linguistics. 考试科目：外国语言文学综合考试 共 6 页，第 3 页2. The relationship between words and what they represent is generally _. 3. _ are produced by obstructing the flow of air as it passes from the lungs through the vocal tract and out through the mouth or nose. 4. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the _ of that phoneme. 5. Words are not the only linguistic units to carry _ meaning. Sentences refer to actions, states, and events in the world as well. 6. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called _ rules. 7. The fundamental function of every language system is to link meaning and expressionto provide _ expression for thought and feeling. 8. When a word has two or more related meanings, it is a _. 9. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose points are to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _. 10. A _ sentence, often called a clause, contains a verb and, at a minimum, any other expressions required by the verb as part of its structural characteristics. 11. _ refers to a contrast or an incongruity between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens. 12. English Romanticism began in 1798 with the publication of _.13. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic line by _.14. Marcel Proust, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are the representative writers of the _.15. The sub-title of Vanity Fair is _. The writers intention was not to portray individuals, but the bourgeois and aristocratic society as a whole. 16. _s poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way. Her poems have no titles, hence are always quoted by their first lines.17. The most original playwright of the Theatre of Absurd is Samuel Beckett and his first play, _, is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd.18. The literary spokesman of the Jazz Age is often thought to be _. 19. The period from 1865-1914 has been referred to as _in the literary history of the United States. 20. In his poems, Walt Whitman is innovative in the terms of the form of his poetry, which is called “_”.III. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both linguistics candidates and literature candidates must do this part. (10%)Section A: Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. If it is true, write T and if it is false, write F. 1. Grammar is a system of elements and patterns that organizes linguistic expression. 2. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history. 考试科目：外国语言文学综合考试 共 6 页，第 4 页3. Category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. 4. Sometimes languages use different scripts for same purposes. 5. When two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are regarded as complementary distribution. Section B: Give the authors name and indicate the genre of the following works.6. The Merchant of Venice7. “A Rose for Emily” 8. The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn9. “I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud”10. “Ode to a Nightingale” IV. Choose SIX from the following terms and explain them briefly. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (30%) 1. tone 2. open class words 3. major lexical categories of English language 4. sense 5. speech community 6. cultural overlap 7. epic8. sentimentalism9. the Lost Generation10. heroic couplet11. Lake poets12. point of viewV. Answer the following questions: Section A for linguistics candidates and Section B for literature candidates. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40%)Section A： 1. What can be the differences between the macro-sociolinguistics and the micro-sociolinguistics? 2. According to Hallidays register theory, what are the three social variables that determine a register? 3. What are the strong and weak versions of Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis? 4. What is childrens atypical development of language acquisition? 考试科目：外国语言文学综合考试 共 6 页，第 5 页Section B：5. Based on The Old Man and the Sea, discuss the themes and writing style of Ernest Hemingways novels.6. Discuss the theme of the poem “The Waste Land” by Thomas Stearns Eliot and comment on its importance in the history of American literature. 7. Comment on the main characteristics of Romanticism. 8. Make a comment on the character of Jane Eyre, the heroine of the novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte. VI. Choose ONE of the following questions and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (30%) 1. Please state Paul Grices (1) Conversational Cooperative Principle; (2) its Maxims and sub-maxims; (3) illustrate the maxims with at least one example. (for linguistics candidates) 2. Analyze the theme, poetic form and rhetorical devices of the following poem and develop it into an essay with no less than 200 words. (for literature candidates) O Captain, My CaptainO Captain! My Captain! Our fearful trips is done,The ship has weatherd every rack, the prize we sought is won,The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;But O heart! Heart! Heart!O the bleeding drops of red,Where on the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.O Captain! My Captain! Rise up and hear the bells;Rise up for you the flag is flung for you the bugle trills,For you bouquets and ribbond wreaths for you the shores acrowding,For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;Here Captain! dear father!This arm beneath your head!It is some dream that on the deck,Youve fallen cold and dead.My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still.My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will,The ship is anchord safe and sound, its voyage closed and done,考试科目：外国语言文学综合考试 共 6 页，第 6 页Form fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!But I, with mournful tread,Walk the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead