2019年暨南大学研究生入学试题211翻译硕士英语(A卷).pdf
考试科目:翻译硕士英语共14页,第1页2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)*学科、专业名称:翻译硕士专业研究方向:英语笔译考试科目名称:翻译硕士英语考试科目代码:211考生注意:所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上,写在本试题上一律不给分。I. Vocabulary they thought it would be merely another of the many Western ideas that hadalready proved useful in Asian culture, akin to airlines, electricity, and the assembly line.The founders of the program, however, realized that neither view was correct. They hadsome reservations about the applicability of Western feminist theories to the role ofwomen in Asia and felt that such theories should be closely examined. Their approachhas thus far yielded important critiques of Western theory, informed by the specialexperience ofAsian women.For instance, like the Western feminist critique of the Freudian model of the humanpsyche, the Korean critique finds Freudian theory culture-bound, but in ways differentfrom those cited by Western theorists. The Korean theorists claim that Freudian theoryassumes the universality of the Western nuclear, male-headed family and focuses on thepersonality formation of the individual, independent of society. An analysis based onsuch assumptions could be valid for a highly competitive, individualistic society. In theFreudian family drama, family members are assumed to be engaged in a Darwinianstruggle against each otherfather against son and sibling against sibling. Such aconcept projects the competitive model of Western society onto human personalities. Butin the Asian concept of personality there is no ideal attached to individualism or to the考试科目:翻译硕士英语共14页,第8页independent self. The Western model of personality development does not explain majorcharacteristics of the Korean personality, which is social and group-centered. The “self”is a social being defined by and acting in a group, and the well-being of both men andwomen is determined by the equilibrium of the group, not by individual self-assertion.The ideal is one of interdependency.In such a context, what is recognized as “dependency” in Western psychiatric termsis not, in Korean terms, an admission of weakness or failure. All this bears directly on theAsian perception of mens and womens psychology because men are also “dependent.”In Korean culture, men cry and otherwise easily show their emotions, something thatmight be considered a betrayal of masculinity in Western culture. In the kinship-basedsociety of Korea, four generations may live in the same house, which means that peoplecan be sons and daughters all their lives, whereas in Western culture, the roles of husbandand son, wife and daughter, are often incompatible.38. Which of the following best summarizes the content of the passage?A.Acritique of a particular womens studies program.B.Areport of work in social theory done by a particular womens studies program.C. An assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a particular womens studiesprogram.D.An analysis of the philosophy underlying womens studies programs.339. It can be inferred from the passage that Korean scholars in the field of womensstudies undertook an analysis of Freudian theory as a response to which of thefollowing?A.Attacks by critics of the Ewha womens studies program.B. The superficiality of earlier critiques of Freudian theory.C. The popularity of Freud in Korean psychiatric circles.D. Their assessment of the relevance and limitations of Western feminist theory withrespect to Korean culture.40. Which of the following conclusions about the introduction of Western ideas to Koreansociety can be supported by information contained in the passage?A. Except for technological innovations, few Western ideas have been successfullytransplanted into Korean society.B. The introduction of Western ideas to Korean society is viewed by some Koreans asa challenge to Korean identity.C. The development of the Korean economy depends heavily on the development ofnew academic programs modeled after Western programs.D. The extent to which Western ideas must be adapted for acceptance by Korean考试科目:翻译硕士英语共14页,第9页society is minimal.41. It can be inferred from the passage that the position taken by some of the supporters ofthe Ewha womens studies program was problematic to the founders of the programbecause those supporters _.A. assumed that the program would be based on the uncritical adoption of WesterntheoryB. failed to show concern for the issues of national unification and economicdevelopmentC. were unfamiliar with Western feminist theoryD. were not themselves scholars in the field of womens studies42. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the view of personalitydevelopment held by the Ewha womens studies group?A. Personality development occurs in identifiable stages, beginning with dependencyin childhood and ending with independence in adulthood.B.Any theory of personality development, in order to be valid, must be universal.C. Personality development is influenced by the characteristics of the society in whicha person lives.D. Personality development is hindered if a person is not permitted to be independent.43. Which of the following statements about the Western feminist critique of Freudiantheory can be supported by information contained in the passage?A. It recognizes the influence of Western culture on Freudian theory.B. It was written after 1977.C. It acknowledges the universality of the nuclear, male-headed family.D. It challenges Freuds analysis of the role of daughters in Western society.44. According to the passage, critics of the Ewha womens studies program cited theprogram as a threat to which of the following?I. National identityII. National unificationIII. Economic developmentIV. Family integrityA. I only B. I and II onlyC. I, II, and III only D. II, III, and IV only考试科目:翻译硕士英语共14页,第10页Passage 3Questions 45 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the eighteenth century, Japans feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblestsamurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed tothe overlords failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was alsodue to factors beyond the overlords control. Concentration of the samurai incastle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had puttemptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness byyears of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to performadministrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habitsgrew expensive. Overlords income, despite the increase in rice production among theirtenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlordsincome resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the nearlyinevitable outcome of hereditary office-holding) as from their higher standards of living,a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue,could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once indebt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover.It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because theamount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and sincethe income of Japans central government consisted in part of taxes collected by theshogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained. Therefore, theTokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources for revenue. Cash profits fromgovernment-owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily workeddeposits of silver and gold had been exhausted, although debasement of the coinage hadcompensated for the loss. Opening up new farmland was a possibility, but most of whatwas suitable had already been exploited and further reclamation was technicallyunfeasible. Direct taxation of the samurai themselves would be politically dangerous.This left the shoguns only commerce as a potential source of government income.Most of the countrys wealth, or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands ofcity merchants. It appeared reasonable that they should contribute part of that revenue toease the shoguns burden of financing the state. A means of obtaining such revenue wassoon found by levying forced loans, known as goyo-kin; although these were not taxes inthe strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount, they werehigh in yield. Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawashoguns search for solvency for the government made it increasingly difficult forindividual Japanese who lived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.45. Which of the following financial situations is most analogous to the financial situationin which Japans Tokugawa shoguns found themselves in the eighteenth century?A. A small business borrows heavily to invest in new equipment, but is able to pay offits debt early when it is awarded a lucrative government contract.