820 综合英语 模拟题（一）Part OneWord Selection（20）1. Though it would be-to expect Barnard to have worked out all of the limitations of his experiment, he must be-for his neglect of quantitative analysis.(A) unjust. pardoned(B) impudent. dismissed(C) unrealistic. criticized(D) pointless. examined2. The hierarchy of medical occupations is in many ways a-system; its strata remain-and the practitioners in them have very little vertical mobility.(A) health. skilled(B) delivery. basic(C) regimental. flexible(D) caste. intact3. Noting the murder victim's flaccid musculature and pearlike figure, she deduced that the unfortunate fellow had earned his living in some-occupation.(A) treacherous(B) prestigious(C) ill-paying(D) sedentary4. In Germany her startling powers as a novelist are widely-, but she is almost unknown in the English-speaking world because of the difficulties of-her eccentric prose. (A) ignored. editing(B) admired. translating(C) espoused. revealing(D) obscured. comprehending5. Liberty is not easy, but far better to be an -fox, hungry and threatened on its hill, than a-canary, safe and secure in its cage.(A) unfriendly. fragile(B) aging. young(C) imperious. lethargic(D) unfettered. well-fed6. Re melting old metal cans rather than making primary aluminum from bauxite ore shipped from overseas saves producers millions of dollars in-and production costs.(A) distribution(B) salvage(C) storage(D) procurement7. Johnson never-to ignore the standards of decent conduct mandated by company policy if-compliance with instructions from his superiors enabled him to do so, whatever the effects on his subordinates.(A) deigned. tacit(B) attempted. halfhearted(C) intended. direct(D) scrupled. literal8. Although the feeding activities of whales and walruses give the seafloor of the Bering Shelf a devastated appearance, these activities seem to be actually-to the area, -its productivity.(A) destructive. counterbalancing(B) rehabilitative. diminishing(C) beneficial. enhancing(D) detrimental. redirecting9. In an age without radio or recordings, an age- by print, fiction gained its greatest ascendancy.(A) decimated(B) denigrated(C) dominated(D) emphasized10. Scientists' pristine reputation as devotees of the disinterested pursuit of truth has been-by recent evidence that some scientists have deliberately -experimental results to further their own careers.(A) reinforced. published(B) validated. suppressed(C) exterminated. replicated(D) compromised. fabricated11. People should not take good constitution for granted, for human genetic code is _ the development of _.A. liable to. anomaliesB. predestined for. discomfortC. predisposed to. diseaseD. indicative of. wholesomeness12. Nobody came to see me while I was out, _ ?A. did they B. didnt they C. did she D. did me13. Aged just four, Josephine Hawkins is already at ease with her computer and the Internet, _ clicking her mouse on Disney sites to download images of her favorite characters.A. confidentially B. confidently C. appreciatively D. conscientiously14. He never hesitates to make _ criticisms _ are considered helpful to others.A. so that B. so as C. such that D. suchas15. The policy _ made, the next problem was how to carry it out.A. having been B. being C. had been D. was16. Susan is a devoted daughter, always very _ to the needs of her old parents.A. attentive . observant C. recurrent D. earnest17. Overall, it is going to become much easier for people to communicate _the Net.A. by B. in C. over D. onto18. The hidden room is _only through a secret back entrance.A. obtainable B. achievable C. attainable D. accessible19 . He was so _by his work that he did not notice that other employees had already left.A. prevailed B. predominated C. prescribed D. preoccupied20. Please _ yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them.A. restrain B. hinder C. restrict D. prohibitReading Comprehension (20)Passage OneThe increase in leisure time, the higher standard of living, the availability of cars to a wider range of the population and, perhaps, a broadening of personal horizons have all contributed to a drastic change in the summer week-end habits of the British public. Now, on most Saturdays in the months loosely called summer, it is possible to see family saloons loaded with picnics and crammed to bursting with several generations of pleasure-bent'Smiths'. Like competitors in some grossly disorganized rally, they nose their way through the neat drab streets of council estates, converging on the main roads, then crawl as best they can out into the open country and towards the coast. Congestion and the frustration of wasting precious time at the receiving end of someone else's exhaust fumes gets the pursuit of enjoyment off to bad start; tempers become frayed. Children, traditionally the target for fathers' ill-humor, are singled out for special treatment. The past week's misdeeds are unearthed and magnified out of all reasonable proportion; mothers leap to their broods'defense and, before long, vows that never again will this outing be repeated are being burled back and forth. Of course, by this time, the children have wisely extracted themselves from the argument and are quietly amusing themselves by looking at their irate elders or gaping at the unfamiliar sight of animals in fields, often so much stranger to them than the corresponding naked shapes they are wont to see in butchers'windows. Eventually, tempers partially restored, the sea is in sight. The paraphernalia of enjoyment is set up on teeming beach, sand mysteriously appears in every sandwich, pale industrial legs are exposed in self-conscious nakedness. The children drift away, quite capable of finding enough magic in this exciting, watery world to occupy them fully until they are gathered in again. Fathers and mothers, and quite possibly some members of a previous generation, settle back to receive the sun and dream away the tensions brought to a climax by the journey. Fathers eye with furtive lustfulness and mothers glare with disapproval and envy as the shapely matrons of tomorrow splash and play and race coquettishly around them, spraying water and sand and disturbing any hopes of peace. At length the shadows drop and chill in the air brings an end to the idyll. The lobster skin is painfully covered up and the day's debris half-heartedly collected. The family is rounded up and the brief dreams trodden into the sand along with the wasted paper.1. The writer er suggests that tempers become frayed becauseA. there are too many careless drivers on the roadsB. there are too many cars on the roadsC. the cars are crowdedD. the children are irritating2. How do the fathers react when angry?A. They stop the children misbehaving.B. They complain about the children's wrongdoing.C. They are easy to quarrel with the mothers.D. They shout at their wives.3. W 加 t do they find when they finally stop?A. There are sandwich stalls erected there.B. There are factory workers sunbathing.C. The beach is very crowded.D. The beach is covered with a lot of paraphernalia.4. Why are mothers liable to give disapproving looks?A. They resent their husbands'admiration of the intruders.B. They are angry at being disturbed when they want peace and quietC. They haven't yet recovered from the effects of the journey.D. They are jealous because these people are in better shape than they are.Passage TwoDespite their names, sarin and soman are exceptionally ugly sisters. They are organophosphorous nerve gases. They are cheap and simple to manufacture. And mere milligrams just a drop of either is enough to kill an adult in a couple of minutes. They therefore make particularly fine weapons of mass destruction, equally popular with rogue dictators who have not been able to build nuclear bombs and with weird cults such as Aum Shinrikyo, which gassed the Tokyo subway in 1995. Detecting them soon enough to prevent their effects can be difficult. Even detecting them after 小 e event if you are, for example, a United Nations weapon inspector can be haphazard. But help may be at hand. A paper in this month's edition of Analytical Chemistry, by George Murray and his team at John Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, reports a new way of picking up minute qualities of the two gases with out the risk of false alarms from legitimate organophosphorous compounds such as insecticides. Dr Murray's detector consists of a fiber-optic cable that has one end plugged into a laser and the other coated with a metal called europium. The laser generates blue light, and europium has出 e property of shining red when exposed to blue light of the correct wavelengthan effect that is exploited in many optical devices. But the metal possesses a second property that makes it uniquely suitable for Dr. Murray's purpose: it reacts strongly with organophosphates, and when it does so, the wavelength of the light that is emitting changes perceptibly. To stop his detector going off in response to the wrong signals such as insecticide on the flea collar of a dog, Dr Murray has resorted to a second trick. The europium is embedded in a plastic film that binds specifically to sarin or soman (they are very similar molecules), using special pockets called molecular imprints that have been chemically etched into it. The organophosphates commonly used as pesticides do not fit into these pockets, and so fail to react with the metal. The result is a detector that is both sensitive (it can pick up concentrations of as seven nerve-gas molecules in a trillion) and reasonable fast (it is able to sound the alarm within 30 seconds). So far, Dr Murray has tested his device only on soman dissolved in water. This is mainly a safety measure, because water-borne nerve agents are easier to handle than those in gaseous form. But soman or sarin-contaminated water supplies are a real hazard in themselves and not just in far-flung war zones. In America, for example, there are occasional leaks from military bases. The most recent was from Tooele Chemical Disposal Facility in Utah, one of the sites where the country's chethcal weapons stockpile is being destroyed. At the moment it would be hard to work out if any material from such a spill had found its way into tl1e water supply until people started to become ill. Dr Murray seems confident, however, that his technology will work just as well on sarin and saman gas, and has prepared “smart“ cards coated with tile mixture of europium and plastic to detect airborne nerve gases. Unfortunately, he does not, at tile moment, have access to any place where the safety regulations will permit him to try them out. But if UN inspectors were ever allowed back into Iraq, he might have a chance.6. In what situation can sarin and soman be extremely dangerous?7. What is the function of Dr Murray's device?8. Which part of the detector is tile decisive factor tliat enables it to avoid false alarm?9. What is a special property of this device?I 0. Why has the device been tested only on soman dissolved in water?Passage Three Questions 1-6 are based on the following passage. Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790. Roads were few and short, usually extending from inland communities to the nearest river town or seaport. Nearly all interstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and harbors of the seaboard. Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development. Unable to finance road construction, states turned for help to private companies, organized by merchants and land speculators who had apersonal interest in improved communications with the interior. The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, w 阮 h chartered a company in 1792 to construct a turnpike, a road for the use of which a toll, or payment, is collected, from Philadelphia to Lancaster. The legislature gave the company the authority to erect tollgates at points along the road where payment would be collected, though it carefully regulated the rates. (The states had unquestioned authority to regulate private business in this period.) The company built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation. Northern states generally relied on private companies to build their toll roads, but Virginia constructed a network at public expense. Such was the road b 山 lding fever that by 1810 New York alone had some 1,500 miles of turnpikes extending from the Atlantic to Lake Erie. Transportation on these early turnpikes consisted of freight carrier. wagons and passenger stagecoaches. The most common road freight carrier was the Conestoga wagon, a vehicle developed in the mid-eighteenth century by German immigrants in the area around Lancaster, Pennsylvania. lt featured large, broad wheels able to negotiate all, but the deepest ruts and holes, and its round bottom prevented the freight from shifting on a hill. Covered with canvas and drawn by four to six horses, the Conestoga wagon rivaled the log cabin as thy primary symbol of the frontier. Passengers traveled in a variety of stagecoaches, the most common of which had four benches, each holding three persons. It was only a platform on wheels, with no springs; slender poles held up the top, and leather curtains kept out dust and rain.11. Paragraph l discusses early road building in the United States mainly in terms of theA. popularity of turnpikesB. financing of new roadsC. development of the interiorD. laws governing road use12. In 1790 most roads connected towns in the interior of the country withA. other inland communitiesB. towns in other statesC. river towns or seaportsD. construction sites13. The phrase “on the threshold of'“ in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning toA. in need ofB. in place ofC. at the start ofD. with the purpose of14. According to the passage, why did states want private companies to help with road building?A. The states could not afford to build roads themselves.B. The states were not as well equipped as private companies.C. Private companies could complete roads faster than the states.D. Private companies had greater knowledge of the interior.15. Vi江ginia is mentioned as an example of a state that .A. built roads without tollgatesB. built roads with government moneyC. completed 1,500 miles of turnpikes in one yearD. introduced new law restricting road usePassage FourDrunken driving- sometimes called America's socially accepted form of murder has become a national infectious disease. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunkendrivers, adding up to an incredible 250,000 over the past decade. A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.01 blood alcohol content or rough