新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/暨南大学 241 基础英语 A 卷真题学科、专业名称：日语语言文学研究方向：考试科目名称：241 基础英语考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。 新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/Part I Cloze (10 points) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.A new WHO report on Air pollution and child health is being launched on the eve of WHOs first ever Global Conference on Air Pollution and Health. It _1_ that when pregnant women are _2_ to polluted air, they are more likely to give _3_ prematurely, and have small, low birth-weight children. Air pollution _4_ impacts neurodevelopment and cognitive ability and can _5_ asthma, and childhood cancer. Children who have been exposed to high _6_ of air pollution may be at greater risk for chronic diseases_7_ cardiovascular disease later in life.“Polluted air is _8_ millions of children and ruining their lives,” says Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “This is inexcusable. Every child should be able to breathe _9_ air so they can grow and _10_ their full potential.”One reason why children are _11_ vulnerable to the effects of air pollution is that they breathe more rapidly than adults and _12_ absorb more pollutants. They also live _13_ to the ground, where some pollutants _14_ peak concentrations at a time _15_ their brains and bodies are still developing.Newborns and young children are also more susceptible to _16_ air pollution in homes _17_ regularly use polluting fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting Air Pollution is stunting our childrens brains, _18_ their health in more ways than we suspected. But there are many straight-forward ways to reduce _19_ of dangerous pollutants. WHO is supporting implementation of health-wise policy measures like accelerating the switch _20_ clean cooking and heating fuels and technologies, promoting the use of cleaner transport, energy-efficient housing and urban planning. 1. A. reveals B. regains C. rehearses D. reconciles2. A. explored B. exposed C. exhausted D. excluded3. A. rise B. promotion C. birth D. life4. A. either B. each C. nevertheless D. also5. A. trace B. trigger C. determine D. deliver新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/6. A. numbers B. figures C. percentages D. levels7. A. in addition B. such as C. instead of D. rather than8. A. regulating B. proving C. poisoning D. imprisoning9. A. pure B. clean C. special D. universal10. A. fulfill B. breed C. create D. produce11. A. ironically B. critically C. particularly D. evenly12. A. so B. or C. but D. as13. A. nearer B. closer C. easier D. shorter14. A. reform B. reduce C. record D. reach15. A. where B. when C. while D. whereas16. A. household B. homemade C. housekeeping D. housecraft17. A. that B. where C. this D. what18. A. effecting B. influencing C. affecting D. reflecting19. A. transmissions B. emissions C. missions D. transformations20. A. on B. in C. out D. toPart II Reading Comprehension Section A (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Human Beings are odd creatures sometimes. For some reason, every culture on Earth has its own 新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/sets of superstitions. In every culture around the world there is a set of beliefs held by the people that have nothing to do with reason or knowledge but are based on luck, prophecy or folklore that will influence future events. One of the most widespread superstitious beliefs is that the number 13 is unlucky. So pervasive is this notion that many hotels and office buildings in Europe and the United States do not have a room number 13.In Scandinavian mythology there were 12 Aesir or gods living in relative harmony until the god Loki came among them, making the 13th. Loki was cruel and evil, and according to the myths, he took special delight in causing human misfortunes. Because he was evil, and because he was the 13th member of the hierarchy of the gods, the number 13 came to be looked upon as an omen of ill luck. Another explanation for the origin of this superstition also comes from Scandinavian mythology, which states the winged Valkyries, who waited to escort the heroes fallen in battle to Valhalla, were 13 in number.The most popular explanation for the superstition surrounding the number 13 is that there were 12 apostles and their master Jesus who partook of the Last Supper, Judas Iscariot being represented as the 13th guest. According to Christian tradition, Judas betrayed his master after they had observed the Passover meal. Judas later hanged himself because of his guilt, and he was said to be damned for all time as his punishment.It has long been a matter of etiquette in France to avoid having exactly 13 guests at a dinner or party. Napoleon wouldn't allow a dinner to begin if there were 13 guests at the table. There is a custom of the “quartrozieme“, a professional guest who can be called on short notice to avoid having only 13 people dining at a dinner party. Although the superstition of 13 guests is not quite so strong in the United States, President Herbert Hoover would not permit a gathering of 13 while he was in the White House. President Franklin D Roosevelt had the same superstition, and it is said that his personal secretary was often called upon to be the 14th guest at a dinner party.新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/21. Which of the following statements is true?A. All the countries in the world have the same superstitions.B. Superstitions are based on personal experiences.C. There are some superstitious beliefs in every culture.D. Superstitions have great influence on future events.22. How many stories are presented to explain the origin of the superstition of number 13?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.23. According to the passage, _.A. there were 14 members having the Passover meal, including JudasB. Jesus had the Passover meal with his 13 apostlesC. Judas betrayed Jesus and was killed by other apostlesD. Judas betrayed Jesus and killed himself out of guilt24. Which American President believed the superstition of 13 guests?A. Napoleon and Herbert Hoover.B. Napoleon and Franklin D Roosevelt.C. Herbert Hoover and Franklin D Roosevelt.D. Franklin D Roosevelt and John F Kennedy.新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/25. In writing this passage, the author intends to _.A. criticize the widespread of superstitionsB. present some explanations and details about superstitionsC. popularize the superstition of number 13D. explain the cultural background of the party etiquette in FranceQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, which offer him companion-ship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various breeds in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and surefooted, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight. Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require. All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health. Even well cared animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking 新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health. 26. What main idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?A. There exists thousands of species of animals in the world.B. Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals.C. In some regions a donkey seems to be a very useful beast.D. An animal will be useless unless domesticated.27. When an animal is underfed, it will probably _.A. refuse to obey its masterB. immediately fall illC. require its master to offer some foodD. seek for food on its own28. Which of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage?A. They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man.B. They have great adaptation for the environment.C. There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe.D. The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breed ever known in the world.29. To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised _.A. not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on itB. to pay attention to its proper feeding新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/C. not to allow it to take excessive amounts of exerciseD. to join some sort of pet-keeping organizations30. Which of the following would be best TITLE for this passage?A. Domesticated Animals Mans Best FriendB. Proper Diet the Road to HealthC. The Advantages of Raising Domestic AnimalsD. Some Tips on Pet-keepingQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.China is the most populous nation in the world; India has one billion people in a land one-third the size of Australia; and Indonesia, the fourth, most-populous nation, has 107 people crammed into each square kilometer of land. With too many people and not enough resources, poverty and hunger in some countries are persistent realities and birth control policies are hot potatoes. Ironically for developed and relatively affluent countries such as Australia, Singapore and Japan, underpopulation is an equally real threat. Social forces such as higher levels of education and financial independence among women are referring matrimony less attractive. In the wake of sexual revolution, couples pursue the notion of free love and indulge their passions without marriage. Labels such as old maids are archaic and thankfully almost unheard of, even as the average marital age of women continues its upward creep. Indeed, many women opt to remain single as they view marriage as irrelevant or even burdensome. In Singapore and Japan, for instance, many women are getting college degrees and putting romance and marriage on the back burner in favor of career and financial independence. Even for couples that tied the knot, many prefer to remain childless or have very few children due to the astronomical cost of modern child raising. Moreover, the sweet taste of career success, financial affluence and personal freedom may be difficult to relinquish. Subsequently, as birth rates decline 新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/dangerously and the population fail to poise for replacement, governments begin to worry. Should politicians be concerned with the romance and love life of individuals? Apparently, each personal life becomes the political, economic and social issue of a nation. A decreasing population becomes a threat to national security because future recruits are needed for the defense force. Manpower is needed for the domestic market and workforce, instead of over-relying on multinationals who owe no allegiance to the country. Finally, in a top-heavy social structure where an aging population outnumbers the younger generation. The physical and financial resources needed to care for the old may prove inadequate. Some governments have tried family friendly incentives to encourage people to marry and propagate, but marital and reproductive interest remain low and birth rates continue to drop. Others have sought immigrants to fill the population gap, but opponents view immigration as a threat to the nations cultural identity and security. Indeed, it is a dilemma and challenge to influence private decisions that have national implications. 31. What are some problems mentioned that are common to over-population?A. Too many people.B. Too little space.C. Poverty and hunger.D. Inadequate birth control policies.32. One of the results of the sexual revolution is that _.A. people begin to accept premarital sexB. people are free to love anyoneC. the term “old maid” no longer existsD. women get married older新祥旭考研官网 http:/www.xxxedu.net/33. Putting romance and marriage on the back burner means _.A. delaying romance and marriageB. having been hurt by romance and marriageC. having a romance and marriage that have failedD. never wanting to have romance and marriage34. Which of the following are not a future threat of under-population?A. Not enough recruits for the military.B. Not enough older people to provide for the young.C. Not enough people to fill the jobs.D. Not enough young people to provide the old.35. The result of government intervention is that _.A. people are encouraged to get marriedB. people are encouraged to have childrenC. people are still not interested in marriage and babiesD. people are starting to move away to other countriesQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.The term “corporate culture“ refers to an organization's value system. Managerial philosophies, workplace practices, and organizational network are included in the concept of corporate culture. Tyson Food's corporate culture is reflected in the fact that everyoneeven CEO Don Tysonwears clothes of a yellowish brown colour on the job.