杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 招 生 考 试 命 题 纸2019 年 考试科目代码 718 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 1 页）杭 州 师 范 大 学2019 年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题考试科目代码： 718 考试科目名称： 综合英语 说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。I. Cloze（每小题 1 分，共 30 分）Fill in the blanks with a function word.One of the greatest advances in modern technology has been the invention of computers. They are already widely used in industry and in universities and the time may come when it will be possible _ (1) ordinary people to use them as well. Computers are capable of doing extremely complicated work in all branches of learning. They can solve the most complex mathematical problems or put thousands of unrelated facts in order. These machines can be put _ (2) varied uses. For instance, they can provide information _ (3) the best way _ (4) prevent traffic accidents, or they can count the number _ (5) times the word 'and' has been used _ (6) the Bible. Because they work accurately and _ (7) high speeds, they save research workers years of hard work. This whole process _ (8) which machines can be used to work _ (9) us has been called automation. In the future, automation may enable human beings _ (10) enjoy far more leisure than they do today. The coming of automation is bound _ (11) have important social consequences. Some time ago an expert on automation, Sir Leon Bagrit, pointed out that it was a mistake to believe that these machines could 'think'. There is no possibility that human beings will be 'controlled _ (12) machines'. Though computers are capable of learning_ (13) their mistakes and improving on their performance they need detailed instructions _ (14) human beings in order to be able to operate. They can never, as it were, lead independent lives, or 'rule the world' _ (15) making decisions _ (16) their own. Sir Leon said that in the future, computers would be developed which would be small enough to carry _ (17) the pocket. Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain valuable information. Computers could be plugged _ (18) a national network and _ (19) used like radios. For instance, people going on holiday could be informed about weather conditions; car drivers could be given alternative routes when there are traffic jams. It will also be possible to make tiny translating machines. This will enable people who do not share a common language to talk _ (20) each other _ (21) any difficulty or to read foreign publications. It is impossible to assess the importance _ (22) a machine of this sort, for many international misunderstandings are caused simply through our failure _ (23) understand each other. Computers will also be used in hospitals. _ (24) providing a 杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 招 生 考 试 命 题 纸2019 年 考试科目代码 718 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 2 页）machine _ (25) a patient's symptoms, a doctor will be able to diagnose the nature of his illness. Similarly, machines could be used to keep a check _ (26) a patient's health record and bring it up to date. Doctors will therefore have immediate access _ (27) a great many facts which will help them in their work. Book-keepers and accountants, too, could be relieved_ (28) dull clerical work, for the tedious task of compiling and checking lists of figures could be done entirely _ (29) machines. Computers are the most efficient servants man has ever had and there is no limit _ (30) the way they can be used to improve our lives.II. Reading Comprehension（每小题 2 分，共 60 分）There are 6 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.Passage 1Alan Brooker and Loren Teague are authors who have a book due out soon. You probably wont find their titles on the shelves of your local bookstore. Their prose is published in computerized, digital bits. They are authors publishing e-books (short for “electronic books” or books published only on the Internet, and not in paper form).Theyre not getting big fat advances from publishers. Not even a small cheque. Instead, Brooker will get 35 percent of each e-book sold, and Teague will get 30 percent. Thats way above what either could expect in royalties if their titles were published in the familiar format, as beautifully bound bits of trees.The usual author royalty is anyway between ten and fifteen percent of a books selling price. But the large percentage royalty for an e-book will come from a much smaller price e-books sell online for somewhere between $2.50 and $7 a copy, compared to the bookstore retail price of between $US 10 and $90 depending on the size and quality of the publication.But how many e-book copies can the authors expect to sell in an electronic market which is still in its infancy? The best-selling e-author of 1999, Leta Nolan Childers, sold just over 6,000 copies of her book The Best Laid Plans. “Im expecting to sell more than I would in the traditional local market, simply because the US market is so much bigger,” says Teague, whose novel, Jagged Greenstone, was runner-up in the UK Romantic Novelists Association New Writers Award.Email, e-commerce, e-authors, e-books, eeeargh! The whole world is on a technological treadmill. Surely not books? The pleasure of reading isnt just in the way it allows escape into other worlds. Physical books are a tactile, visual experience. Theres nothing like the anticipation of a new book in your hands, the appeal of a cover, and the smell of ink and paper, not to mention a small frisson of guilt at all those murdered trees. You can curl up in an armchair, or in bed, with a good book. But surely it will not be the same with a small electronic device, even if it is the size of a paperback and the weight of a hardback, and has a small button that turns the 杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 招 生 考 试 命 题 纸2019 年 考试科目代码 718 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 3 页）page.Even if you like the idea, you first have to have Softbook and the Rocket e-book hand-held electronic readers with high resolution screens, the ability to store several books at once, but unless you have the small reading devices, that means reading books on a large computer screen, and that definitely doesnt lend itself to a late-night reading experience in bed.So far, those are the two forums for e-publishing, a field still the focus of the technologically infatuated. Teague still meets responses such as that of the librarian in her home town of Nelson. “When I told her about them (e-books), she just looked at me blankly,” says Teague, laughing. Or the response of the unnamed executive from a top publishing house who said of e-book publishing: “Isnt that for failed authors?”But the Bigs are moving in. Fatbrain.com, which has partnered with Adobe, will let anyone sell digital books on its website and is negotiating with publishers such as Macmillan and McGraw-Hill to find new ways of packaging their titles. Best-selling authors like mystery thriller writers Patricia Cornwell and Jonathan Kelleman are now posting electronic titles on the Internet. The website www. originalsonline.com also displays only e-books that have never been published in paper form.Recently, top-selling horror story author Stephen King wrote and published his first e-book, Riding the Bullet, a 66page “ghost-story in the grand manner”. It was published only on the Internet on the website of American publishers Simon it is a pity that so few of us have. But there are masterpieces which are acknowledged to be such by all the best critics and to which the historians of literature devote considerable space, yet which no ordinary person can now read with enjoyment. They are important to the students, but changing times and changing tastes have robbed them of their savour and it is hard to read them now without an effort of will. Let me give one instance: I have read George Eliots Adam Bede, but I cannot put my hand on my heart and say that was with pleasure. I read it from a sense of duty; I finished it with a sigh of relief.Now of such books as this I mean to say nothing. Every man is his own best critic. Whatever the learned say about a book, however unanimous they are in their praise of it, unless it interests you, it is no business of yours. Dont forget that critics often make mistakes the history of criticism is full of the blunders the most eminent of them have made, and you who read are the final judge of the value to you of the book you are reading. This, of course, applies to the books I am going to recommend to your attention. We are none of us exactly like everyone else, only rather like, and it would be unreasonable to suppose that the books that have meant a great deal to me should be precisely those that will mean a great deal to you. But they are books that I feel the richer for having read, and I think I should not be quite the man I am if I had not read them. And so I beg of you, if any of you who read these pages are tempted to read the books I suggest and cannot get on with them, just put them down; they will be of no service to you if you do not enjoy them. No one is under an obligation to read poetry or fiction or the miscellaneous literature which is classed as belles-lettres. (I wish I knew the English term for this, but I dont think there is one.) He must read them for pleasure, and who can claim that what pleases one man must necessarily please another?But let no one think that pleasure is immoral. Pleasure in itself is a great good, all pleasure, but its consequences may be such that the sensible person eschews certain varieties of it. Nor 杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 招 生 考 试 命 题 纸2019 年 考试科目代码 718 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 6 页）need pleasure be gross and sensual. They are wise in their generation who have discovered that intellectual pleasure is the most satisfying and the most enduring. It is well to acquire the habit of reading. To acquire the habit of reading is to construct for yourself a refuge from almost all the miseries of life. Almost all, I say, for I would not go so far as to pretend that to read a book will assuage the pangs of hunger or still the pain of unrequited love; but half a dozen good detective stories and a hot-water bottle will enable anyone to snap his fingers at the worst cold in the head. But who is going to acquire the habit of reading for readings sake, if he is bidden to read books that bore him?It is more convenient to take the books of which I am now going to speak in chronological order, but I can see no reason why, if you make up your mind to read them, you should do so in that order. I think you would be much better advised to read them according to your fancy; nor do I see even why you should read them one by one. For my own part, I find it more agreeable to read four or five books together. After all, you arent in the same mood on one day as on another, nor have you the same eagerness to read a certain book at all hours of the day. We must suit ourselves in these matters, and I have naturally adopted the plan that best suits me. In the morning before I start work I read for a while a book, either of science or philosophy, that requires a fresh and attentive brain. It sets me off for the day. Later on, when my work is done and I feel at ease, but not inclined for mental exercise of a strenuous character, I read history, essays, criticism or biography; and in the evening I read a novel. Besides these, I keep on hand a volume of poetry in case I feel in the mood for that, and by my bedside I have one of those books, too rarely to be found, alas, which you can dip into at any place and stop reading with equanimity at the end of any paragraph.Upon looking back on what I have written, I notice that I have more than once suggested to you that you would be wise now and then to skip. I think all the books I have mentioned are important enough to be read thoroughly, but even they are more enjoyable if you exercise your right to skip. Change of taste has rendered certain parts of even great works tedious. We no longer want to be bothered with the moral dissertations of which the eighteenth century was so fond, nor with the lengthy descriptions of scenery which were favoured in the nineteenth. When the novel became realistic authors fell in love with detail for its own sake, and it took them a long time to discover that detail is interesting only if it is relevant. To know how to skip is to know how to read with profit and pleasure, but how you are to learn it I cannot tell you, for it is a trick I have never acquired. I am a bad skipper; I am afraid of missing something that may be of value to me, and so will read pages that only weary me; when once I begin to skip, I cannot stop, and end the book dissatisfied with myself because I am aware I have not done it justice, and then I am apt to think that I might just as well never have read it at all.6. What criterion in book-selection is given by the author?A. The reader should get pleasure from his/her reading.B. The reader should learn knowledge from the book.杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 招 生 考 试 命 题 纸2019 年 考试科目代码 718 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 7 页）C. The reader should read masterpieces like Adam Bede.D. The reader should follow the critics suggestion. 7. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. If books can fulfill your utilitarian purposes, you will find reading them enjoyable.B. All masterpieces should be given priority on readers booklists.C. Reading habits vary from person to person, depending on individuals preferences.D. The author does not believe in skipping, because he often worries that he may have missed something important and valuable. 8. What does the author intend to tell us by saying “half a dozen good detective stories and a hot-water bottle will enable anyone to snap his fingers at the worst cold in the head”? (Paragraph 3)A. He would like to read some good books when he has a cold.B. He would forget about his illness when reading a good book.C. Reading detective stories always makes him very excited.D. Drink hot water and reading detective stories can cure his cold. 9. What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “sets me off” in Paragraph 5?A. Warms me up and gets me ready.B. Gets me happy and relaxed. C. Makes me do mental exercise.D. Helps me start a process.10. Which of the following best states the authors purpose?A. To recommend some masterpieces for pleasurable reading.B. To let the readers share his experience of reading.C. To urge the exercise of personal taste in the selection of what to read.D. To instruct readers how to select books and read fast.Passage 3The expansion of universities is one marked feature of the social life in the present age. All countries have shared in this movement, but more especially America, which