CATTI 笔 译 实 务 真 题 解 析2018.11CATTI 二笔实务真题解析英译汉passage 1New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that Hawaii's Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days. Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes. Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black. After a day of relative calm, Kilauea（基拉韦厄火山） roared back in full force on Sunday, spewing lava 300 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35. There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava. In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents - a little more than half of the evacuees - were allowed to return briefly, and they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely.近日，无人机新拍摄到的画面展现了夏威夷大岛（Hawaii's Big Island）在火山喷发后的破坏景象：岩浆顺着道路缓慢流淌，穿过树林，朝着村舍进发，产生的烟雾翻滚升腾。熊熊烈火闪耀着光芒，照亮四周的黑色区域。经过一天的相对平静期，基拉韦厄火山（Kilauea）于周日再次全力爆发，喷射出的岩浆高达300 英尺，半英里土地被侵蚀，总共摧毁了 35 栋房屋。在地裂和岩浆喷发地区，1800 名居民撤离他们居住的社区。而在二氧化硫水平相对较低的地方，居民则被允许在周日和周一抽几个小时回家拿出自己所需的物品。政府官员表示，在确保安全的情况下，大部分被疏散的居民可以暂时回家，后期他们还会允许更多的居民回家。“Things got pretty active,“ an official said at a Saturday press conference. “The eight volcanoes were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. I'm not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continuing to go. Fortunately, seismicity has laid down and the volcanoes have gone quiet now.“ But officials had cautioned that while the lava flow was quiet, it wouldn't be for long. “More volcanoes could open up, the existing ones could get active again. There's a lot of lava under the ground so eventually it's going to come up. The island was also rocked by a 6.9-magnitude earthquake on Friday, which caused landslides near the coast, but minimal structural damage. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) said Sunday the island had experienced more than 500 earthquakes - 13 with a magnitude greater than 4.0 - in the 24 hours following the 6.9-magnitude quake. But, the concern for residents continues to be the lava and gas emitted from volcanoes. “The lava is definitely destroying people's homes - we don't have an exact count - but it is a devastating situation.” Hawaii County head said Saturday. “There's no way we could've predicted this.“在周六举行的新闻发布会上，一名政府官员表示：“一切都变得活跃起来。八座火山活动频繁，火山喷发后岩浆开始四处扩散，致使我们遭受额外损失。我不确定具体的数据，但我们认为损失还会持续增加。幸运的是，现在震级已经有所减弱，火山活动也平息下来了。”但政府官员警告称，虽然岩浆的流动慢了下来，但并不会持续很久。还会有更多火山爆发，已经爆发过的火山也有可能再次活跃起来。地表下有大量岩浆，这些岩浆最终都会喷发。周五，大岛发生了6.9 级地震，致使沿岸地区附近遭遇山体滑坡，但房屋损坏较少。周日，美国地质调查局(USGS) 表示，在 6.9 级地震爆发后的 24 小时内，该岛屿又发生了 500多次余震，其中 13 次震级超过 4.0 级。然而，居民担心的仍然是岩浆和火山排放的气体。夏威夷县长表示：“火山岩肯定会摧毁居民住所，我们无法知晓确切的数字，但整体来说是灾难性的。我们没有办法预测这种情况。”英译汉passage 2Just as in America, in Britain too, the story told by official statistics does not always match peoples experience. That is especially true in places like Newcastle, a former shipbuilding city, which lost out to competition from Asia in the 1970s and has seen living standards stagnate ever since. The U.S. economy, we are told, is booming. In the past two quarters, gross domestic product has risen by more than 3%, the stock market is soaring and unemployment is down to a 17-year low of 4.1%. Many people, though, dont feel that upside. The perception gap is huge. Unemployment, more broadly measured, is higher than the headline number suggests because many people have simply given up looking for work or are working in part-time jobs when they want a full-time job. One of the prime faults of GDP is that it deals in averages and aggregates. Aggregates hide the inequality. And averages dont tell us very much at all. Barring a few recessions, the U.S. economy has been on a near relentless upward path since the 1950s. Yet according to a Pew Research Center(皮尤研究中心) report, the average hourly wage for nonmanagement private-sector work was $20.67 in 2014, just $1.49 higher than in 1964, adjusted for inflation.美国就是这么做的，英国也不例外，官方数据所反映的结果并不一定总是符合人们的经验。昔日的造船之都纽卡斯尔就是一个典型的例子。上世纪 70 年代，这座城市的竞争力开始落后于亚洲，从此，人民生活水平停滞不前。总有人告诉我们说，美国经济正在蓬勃发展。过去两个季度，国内生产总值增长超 3%，股价持续走高，失业率下降至 4%，达到 17 年来的最低水平。然而，很多人并没有感受到这种增长。这其中存在着巨大的认知鸿沟。从更广泛的层面来衡量，失业率比公开的数据要高，因为许多人干脆放弃找工作，或者在找全职工作的同时还做着兼职工作。国内生产总值（GDP ）指标的最大缺陷之一，在于它衡量的是平均值和总值。总值掩盖了不平等现象，而平均值则没有太大意义。自20 世纪 50 年代以来，除了几次经济衰退外，美国经济一直迅猛增长。然而，皮尤研究中心（Pew Research Center）的报告显示，2014 年非管理类私企工作岗位的时薪为 20.67 美元，仅比扣除通胀因素后 1964 年的时薪高出 1.49 美元。Studies suggest that people care more about relative than absolute wealth. If that is true, then as a minority have become richer, the majority have grown more miserable. In a famous experiment carried out at Emory University（埃默里大学）, two monkeys were put side by side and given cucumbers as a reward for performing a task. When one of the monkeys was given better-tasting grapes instead, the monkey receiving cucumbers became distraught, flinging its now despised reward at its trainer. The problems with using GDP as a barometer go beyond masking inequality. Invented in the US in the 1930s, the figure is a child of the manufacturing agegood at measuring physical production but not the services that dominate modern economies. How would GDP measure the quality of mental-health care or the availability of day-care centers and parks in your area? Even the Belarusian economist who practically invented GDP not like the fact that it counted armaments and financial speculation as positive outputs. Above all, he said, GDP should never be confused with well-being. That suggests we need to find different ways of measuring our success. For the most part, we have become obsessed with a single measure that offers only limited information.研究表示，人们更关心是相对财富而非绝对财富。若情况属实，一少部分人将变得更加富有，而大多数人则会变得越来越穷。埃默里大学（Emory University）做过一项有名的实验，他们将两只猴子并排放置，每完成一项任务就将获得一根黄瓜作为奖励。当其中一只猴子的奖励变成了更好吃的葡萄后，另外那只得到黄瓜的猴子就变得烦躁不安，并把现在已经不再看重的奖励扔向训练员。国内生产总值（GDP ）指标实际上掩盖了不平等问题。国内生产总值（GDP）这个概念诞生于 20 世纪 30 年代的美国，是制造业时代的产物，适合衡量物质生产，但不擅长衡量主导现代经济的服务业。国内生产总值（GDP）能衡量心理健康保健的质量，或者你所在社区的日托中心和公园的使用率吗？即便真正发明国内生产总值（GDP ）概念的白俄罗斯经济学家也不喜欢这个指标将军备和金融投机量化为实际产出值的事实。总之，他表示，决不能将国内生产总值（GDP）与民生混为一谈。这表明，我们需要采用各种方式来衡量经济成功。大多数情况下，我们只对仅能提供有限信息的单一指标情有独钟。汉译英passage 1互联网是一个社会信息大平台，亿万网民在上面获得信息、交流信息，这会对他们的求知途径、思维方式、价值观念产生重要影响，特别是会对他们对国家、对社会、对工作、对人生的看法产生重要影响。网民来自老百姓，老百姓上了网，民意也就上了网。各级党政机关和领导干部要学会通过网络与民众保持联系，经常上网看看，聊聊天、发发声，了解公众所思所愿，收集好想法好建议，积极回应网民关切、解疑释惑。As a broad social platform through which millions upon millions of users obtain and exchange information, the internet has a profound influence on the way people acquire knowledge, on the way they think, and also on their values and views. In particular, it influences the way that people view the country, society, their jobs and also their lives. Netizens are members of the general public. If members of the public go online, so does public opinion. Party and government organs and their leaders must learn to stay in touch with the people through the internet. They should go online regularly, observing, chatting and posting their comments. They need to know what the people think and want, gather good ideas and suggestions, and actively respond to their concerns, answer their queries and remove their doubts.网民大多数是普通群众，来自各行各业，各自经历不同，观点和想法肯定是五花八门的，不能要求他们对所有问题都看得那么准、说得那么对。要多一些包容和耐心，对建设性意见要及时吸纳，对有困难的人要及时帮助，对不了解情况的要及时宣介，对模糊认识要及时廓清，对怨气怨言要及时化解，对错误看法要及时纠正。The majority of netizens are ordinary people who come from different walks of life and have different life experiences. Their views and opinions are sure to vary greatly, and we cannot expect them to always be right about everything and correct in what they say. More tolerance and patience are therefore required. We need to promptly take constructive suggestions, afford assistance to those who are in difficulties, tell the truth to those in the dark, offer clarification to those confused about certain issues, help pacify those who bear a grudge against something, and guide those with erroneous views and correct their misunderstandings.（本篇出自官方译文）汉译英passage 2当今，世界各国的实力较量涉及诸多因素，其中最重要的一个要素是市场规模。哪个国家的市场大，对其他国家的吸引力就越大，也越容易处于领先地位。中国有 14 亿人口，这就决定了它拥有世界上最大的消费市场。经济学家都认为，过去这些年，中国市场发展的速度是世界上最快的。Nowadays the strength of countries in the world involves many factors, with market size being the most important one. The bigger the market, the more attractive it is to other countries and the more likely it is in a leading position. China has a population of 1.4 billion, making it the worlds largest consumer market. Economists believe that over the past few years, the Chinese market has developed at the fastest rate around the globe.连续九年，中国是世界上最大的汽车市场。2016 年，美国销售了 1700 万辆汽车，同年中国则销售了 2400 万辆，其中在中国的美国合资公司销售的汽车占比很大。中国还是世界上最大的智能手机市场，也是最大的服装、电商、国内旅游和农产品市场。中国市场展现了惊人的发展潜力。在中国，中产和富裕阶层人士迅速增长，年轻人有了全新的消费习惯，线上线下销售渠道覆盖了全国各地。随着医疗、养老产业不断发展，还将进一步提升中国人的消费能力。China has been the world's largest automobile market for nine years in a row. In 2016, the United States sold 17 million vehicles while China recorded a sales volume of 24 million, of which American joint ventures in China accounted for a large proportion of the total. China is also the world's largest smartphone market and the largest market for apparel, e-commerce, domestic tourism and agricultural products. The Chinese market has shown staggering growth potential. In China, the middle class and the affluent are growing rapidly, and young people have fostered new consumption habits, with online and offline sales channels covering the whole country. As the medical and pension industries continue to develop, they will further enhance the spending power of Chinese people.2018.11CATTI 三笔实务真题解析英译汉Traces of microplastics and hazardous chemicals found in majority of snow and ice samples taken earlier this year.在今年早些时候采集的绝大部分冰雪样本中，发现了微塑料和有害化学物质的踪迹。Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica, one of the worlds last great wildernesses, according to a new study.一项新的研究表明，研究人员在南极洲发现了塑料和有害化学物质的踪迹，而南极洲是世界上最后几片荒野之一。Researchers spent three months taking water and snow samples from remote areas of the continent earlier this year.今年早些时候，研究人员耗时三个月，在南极洲的偏远地区采集了水和雪的样本。These have now been analysed and researchers have confirmed the majority contained “persistent hazardous chemicals” or microplastics.在对这些样本进行分析后，研究人员证实，其中绝大部分都含有“持久性有害化学物质”或微塑料。The findings come amid growing concern about the extent of the plastic pollution crisis which scientists have warned risks “permanent contamination” of the planet.科学家们曾警告，塑料污染危机可能给地球带来“永久性伤害”，而公布这一调查结果时，人们也愈发担忧起该危机的严重程度。Earlier this week, the UN warned it is one of the worlds biggest environmental threats and said although 60 countries were taking urgent action more needed to be done.本周早些时候，联合国警告称，这是世界上最大的环境威胁之一。尽管有 60 个国家正采取紧急行动，但还远远不够。The new report by researchers at Greenpeace is part of global campaign to create the worlds biggest ocean sanctuary in the seas around Antarctica to protect the fragile ecosystem from industrial fishing and climate change.绿色和平组织（Greenpeace）研究人员的最新报告是全球保护行动的一部分，旨在南极洲周围海域建立世界最大的海洋保护区，保护脆弱的生态系统，使其免受工业化捕捞和气候变化的影响。Frida Bengtsson, of Greenpeaces Protect the Antarctic campaign, said the findings proved that even the most remote areas of the planet were not immune from the impact of manmade pollution.弗里达·本特松（Frida Bengtsson）来自绿色和平组织的保护南极运动项目组（Protect the Antarctic）。她表示，这些发现证实，即便地球上最为偏远的地区也无法逃脱人为污染的影响。“We need action at source, to stop these pollutants ending up in the Antarctic in the first place, and we need an Antarctic ocean sanctuary to give space for penguins, whales and the entire ecosystem to recover from the pressures theyre facing,” she said.她认为：“我们需要从源头上采取行动，首先阻止这些污染物进入南极。其次，我们需要一个南极海洋保护区，为企鹅、鲸鱼和整个生态系统提供空间，让它们从当前海洋污染的压力中恢复过来。”Seven of the eight sea-surface water samples tested contained microplastics such as microfibres. Seven of the nine snow samples tested contained detectable concentrations of the persistent hazardous chemicals.在测试的 8 个表层海水样本中，有 7 个含有诸如微纤维在内的微塑料。在测试的 9 个雪样本中，有 7 个样品含有可检测到的持久性有害化学物质。Researchers said the chemicals are widely used in many industrial processes and consumer products and have been linked to reproductive and developmental issues in wildlife. They said the snow samples gathered included freshly fallen snow, suggesting the hazardous chemicals had come from contaminated rain or snowfall.研究人员表明，这些化学物质广泛应用于工业生产过程和消费品中，并与野生动物的生殖和发育问题密切相关。并且收集到的雪样本中也包括刚落下的积雪，这表明有害化学物质来自受到污染的雨水或降雪。Prof Alex Rogers, a specialist in sustainable oceans at the Oxford Martin school, Oxford University, said the discovery of plastics and chemicals in Antarctica confirmed that manmade pollutants were now affecting ecosystems in every corner of the world. And he warned the consequences of this pervasive contamination remained largely unknown.牛津大学的牛津马丁学院（Oxford Martin school）海洋可持续发展专家亚历克斯 罗杰斯教授（Prof Alex Rogers）表示，在南极洲发现塑料和化学物质这件事情证实，人造污染物正影响着世界每个角落的生态系统。他警告称，这种污染已无处不在，但很大程度上，其影响仍不为所知。“The big question now is what are the actual consequences of finding this stuff here? Many of these chemicals are pretty nasty and as they move up the food chain they may be having serious consequences for the health of wildlife, and ultimately humans. The effects of microplastics on marine life, likewise, are largely not understood,” he said.他表示：“现在的主要问题是，在这里发现这些污染物有什么实际影响?其中许多化学物质非常有害，当它们沿着食物链移动时，它们可能会对野生动物的健康造成严重影响，最终危及人类。同样，人们普遍也不了解微塑料对海洋生物的影响。”There is relatively little data on the extent of microplastics in Antarctic waters, and researchers said they hoped this new study would lead to a greater understanding of the global extent of plastic and chemical pollutants.目前，有关南极水域受微塑料污染程度的数据少之又少。研究人员表示，他们希望这项新研究能让人们更为深入了解遍及全球的塑料和化学污染物。Bengtsson said: “Plastic has now been found in all corners of our oceans, from the Antarctic to the Arctic and at the deepest point of the ocean, the Mariana trench. We need urgent action to reduce the flow of plastic into our seas and we need large-scale marine reserves like a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary which over 1.6m people are calling for to protect marine life and our oceans for future generations.”本特松说：“ 从南极到北极，再到海洋最深处的马里亚纳海沟（Mariana trench），我们在海洋的各个角落都发现了塑料。我们需要采取紧急行动，减少塑料流入我们的海洋，我们需要大型海洋保护区，比如目前超过 160 万人呼吁建立的巨大南极海洋保护区，从而为子孙后代保护海洋生物和海洋。”汉译英河南是中华民族和华夏文明的重要发源地。中国四大发明中，指南针，造纸技术和火药均发明于河南。河南历史文化厚重，文物古迹众多，文物数量居全国首位。河南境内有 25 处世界文化遗产，358 个国家重点文物保护单位，4 个世界级地质公园，12 个国家级风景名胜，13 个国家级自然保护区。Henan Province is an important birthplace of the Chinese nation and civilization. Three of ancient Chinas four great inventions - the compass, paper-making and gunpowder - were made in Henan. Boasting a time-honored history and profound culture, Henan is home to a great many of cultural heritage sites, numbering first in China in terms of cultural relics. There are 25 World Heritage sites, 358 major historic and cultural sites under state protection, 4 global geoparks, 12 national parks of China and 13 national n