2015年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题.doc
杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸2015 年 考试科目代码 718 考试科目名称 综合英语 (本考试科目共 12 页,第 1 页)杭 州 师 范 大 学2015 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码: 718 考试科目名称: 综合英语 说明:考生答题时一律写在答题纸上,否则漏批责任自负。I. Cloze(每小题 1 分,共 30 分)Directions: Fill in the blanks with proper words (the first letter is given).Every aspect of language is extremely complex. Yet very young (1) c_ -before the age of fivealready (2) k_ most of the intricate system we have been calling the grammar of a (3) l_. Before they can add 2+2, children are conjoining sentences, asking (4) q_, using appropriate pronouns, negating sentences, forming relative clauses, and using the syntactic, phonological, morphological, and semantic (5) r_ of the grammar.A normal human being can go (6) t_ life without learning to read or (7) w_. Millions of people in the world today do. These same people (8) s_ and understand a language, and they can (9) d_ ideas as complex and abstract (10) a_ literate speakers can. Learning to speak and understand a language, and (11) l_ to read and write, are different. Similarly, millions (12) h_ never learn algebra or chemistry or how to (13) u_ a computer. They must be taught these skills or systems, but they do not have to be (14) t_ to walk or to talk. If fact, “We are designed to walk. That we are taught to walk is impossible. And pretty much the (15) s_ is true of language. (16) N_ is taught language. In fact you cant prevent the child (17) f_ learning it.”The (18) s_ of the grammars of human languages has revealed a great deal (19) a_ language acquisition, about what a child does and does not do 杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸2015 年 考试科目代码 718 考试科目名称 综合英语 (本考试科目共 12 页,第 2 页)when learning a language. First, it is obvious that children do not (20) l_ a language (21) b_ storing all the words and all the (22) s_ in some giant mental dictionary. The list of (23) w_ is finite, but no dictionary can hold all the sentences, which are (24) i_ in number. Rather, they learn to construct and understand sentences, most of which they have never produced or (25) h_ before.Children must therefore (26) c_ the rules that permit them to use their language creatively. No one teaches (27) t_ these rules. Their parents are no (28) m_ aware of the phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic rules that are the children. Children seem to (29) act l_ efficient linguists equipped with a perfect theory of language, and they use this (30) t_ to construct the grammar of the language they hear.II. Reading Comprehension (每小题 2 分,共 60 分)Directions: There are 6 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Pop stars today enjoy a style of living which was once the prerogative only of Royalty. Wherever they go, people turn out in their thousands to greet them. The crowds go wild trying to catch a brief glimpse of their smiling, colorfully dressed idols. The stars are transported in their chauffeur driven Rolls-Royces, private helicopters or executive airplanes. They are surrounded by a permanent entourage of managers, press agents and bodyguards. Photographs of them appear regularly in the press and all their comings and goings are reported, for, like Royalty, pop stars are news. If they enjoy many of the privileges of Royalty, they certainly share many of the inconveniences as well. It is dangerous for them to make unscheduled appearances in public. They must be constantly shielded from the adoring crowds which idolize them. They are no longer private individuals, but public property. The financial rewards they receive for this sacrifice cannot be calculated, for their rates of pay are astronomical.And why not? Society has always rewarded its top entertainers lavishly. The great days of Hollywood have become legendary: famous stars enjoyed fame, wealth and adulation on an unprecedented scale. By todays standards, the excesses of Hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular. A single gramophone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the films 杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸2015 年 考试科目代码 718 考试科目名称 综合英语 (本考试科目共 12 页,第 3 页)of the past ever did. The competition for the titleTop of the Pops is fierce, but the rewards are truly colossal.It is only right that the stars should be paid in this way. Dont the top men in industry earn enormous salaries for the services they perform to their companies and their countries? Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency often more than large industrial concerns and the taxman can only be grateful for their massive annual contributions to the exchequer. So who would begrudge them their rewards?Its all very well for people in humdrum jobs to moan about the successes and rewards of others. People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg. For every famous star, there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living. A man working in a steady job and looking forward to a pension at the end of it has no right to expect very high rewards. He has chosen security and peace of mind, so there will always be a limit to what he can earn. But a man who attempts to become a star is taking enormous risks. He knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top. He knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete failure. But he knows, too, that the rewards for success are very high indeed: they are the recompense for the huge risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them. Thats the essence of private enterprise.1. The sentence “Pop stars style of living was once the prerogative only of Royalty” means _.A their life was as luxurious as that of royaltyB they enjoy what once only belonged to the royaltyC they are rather richD their way of living was the same as that of the royalty2. What is the authors attitude toward top stars high income?A Approval. B Disapproval. C Ironical. D Critical.3. It can be inferred from the passage _.A there exists fierce competition in climbing to the topB people are blind in idolizing starsC successful Pop stars give great entertainmentD the tax they have paid are great4. What can we learn from the passage?A Successful man should get high-income repayment.B Pop stars made great contribution to a country.C Pop stars can enjoy the life of royalty.D Successful men represent the tip of the iceberg.5. Which paragraph covers the main idea?A The first. B The second. C The third. D The fourth.杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸2015 年 考试科目代码 718 考试科目名称 综合英语 (本考试科目共 12 页,第 4 页)Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels, and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is “intelligent.” Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it is worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N. B. D Nervous Break Down.“Intelligent” people do not have N. B. D.s because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives. You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N. B. D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and dont measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.6. According to the author, the conventional notion of intelligence measured in terms of ones ability to read, write and compute _.A is a widely held but wrong conceptB will help eliminate intellectual prejudiceC is the root of all mental distressD will contribute to ones self-fulfillment7. It is implied in the passage that holding a university degree _.A may result in ones inability to solve complex real-life problemsB does not indicate ones ability to write properly worded documents杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸2015 年 考试科目代码 718 考试科目名称 综合英语 (本考试科目共 12 页,第 5 页)C may make one mentally sick and physically weakD does not mean that one is highly intelligent8. The author thinks that an intelligent person knows _.A how to put up with some very prevalent mythsB how to find the best way to achieve success in lifeC how to avoid depression and make his life worthwhileD how to persuade others to compromise9. In the last paragraph, the author tells us that _.A difficulties are but part of everyones lifeB depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in lifeC everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstancesD good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence10. According to the passage, what kind of people are rare?A Those who dont emphasize bookish excellence in their pursuit of happiness.B Those who are aware of difficulties in life but know how to avoid unhappiness.C Those who measure happiness by an absence of problems but seldom suffer form N. B. D.s.D Those who are able to secure happiness though having to struggle against trying circumstances.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Greece, economically, is in the black. With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from “invisible earnings” to pay for its needed, growing imports. From the sending out of things the Greeks, earn only $285 million; from tourism, shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad, the country takes in an additional $375 million and this washes out the almost $400 million by which imports exceed exports.It has a balanced budget. Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense, the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus $66 million. Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange. It has a government not dependent on coalescing incompatible parties to obtain parliamentary majorities.In thus summarizing a few happy highlights, I dont mean to minimize the vast extent of Greeces problems. It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe, and poverty is widespread. At best an annual income of $60 to $70 is the lot of many a peasant, and substantial unemployment plagues the countryside, cities, and towns of Greece. There are few natural resources on which to build any substantial industrial base. Some years ago I wrote here:“Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece. So far, most 杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸2015 年 考试科目代码 718 考试科目名称 综合英语 (本考试科目共 12 页,第 6 页)American and other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek governments red tape and shrewdness about small points.”Great strides have been made. As far back as 1956, expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece. At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people, who had been examining hotel possibilities, and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy. They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.Today most of the incredibly varied, beautiful, historical sights of Greece have new, if in many cases modest, tourist facilities. Tourism itself has jumped from approximately $31 million to over $90 million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized, greatly expanded Grande Bretagne, as well as other first-rate new hotels. And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Rome without the sky-high prices of traffic-choked streets of either.11. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _.A Greek income and expendituresB the improving economic situation in GreeceC the value of tourismD military expenditures12. Many peasants earn less than _.A $60 a week B $2 a week C $1 a day D $10 a month13. The Greek Government spends _.A more than 25%of its budget on military termsB more than its collectsC a third of a billion dollars in goldD less than 25% of its budget on military terms14. According to the passage, Greece has _.A a dictatorship B a monarchyC a single majority party D too much red tape15. Greece imports annually goods and materials _.A totaling almost $700 million B that balance exportsC that are paid by tourists D costing $66 millionQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy. These figures from the Department of Education are sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level that is less than sufficient to survive in our society.But my own worry today is less that of t