2021苏州大学学科英语889模拟题(一)答案解析.docx
苏州大学2021年硕士研究生入学考试初试889模拟题(一)答案解析. Explain the following terms. (5 points for each, 5*6=30)1.【答案要点】According to Searle, when a speaker is using indirect language, he is performing two speech acts simultaneously; one is the primary speech act and the other is secondary speech act. The primary speech act is the speakers goal of communication while the secondary speech act is the means by which he achieves his goal.For example, Student X: Lets go to the movies tonight. Student Y: I have to study for an exam. The primary speech act of student Y is to reject student Xs suggestion to go to the movies. The secondary speech act of student Y is to make a statement about the fact that he has to study for an exam.2.【答案要点】Experiential learning includes activities that engage both left- and right-brain processing, that contextualize language, that integrate skills, and that point toward authentic, real-world purposes. Experiential learning offers a dimension that may not necessarily be implied in the three concepts (content-based, task-based, theme-based) already discussed. What experiential learning highlights for us is giving students concrete experiences through which they “discover” language principles (even if subconsciously) by trial and error, by processing feedback, by building hypotheses about language, and by revising these assumptions in order to become fluent.3.【答案要点】Similar to constructivist theory, socio-constructivist theory represented by Vygotsky emphasises interaction and engagement with the target language in a social context based on the concept of “Zone of Proximal Development” (ZPD) and scaffolding. Learning is best achieved through the dynamic interaction between the teacher and the learner and between the learners.With the teachers scaffolding through questions and explanations, or with more capable peers support, the learner can move to a higher level of understanding and extend his/her skills and knowledge to the fullest potential.4.【答案要点】Cooperative Principle (CP) is proposed by Grice, and in his original wording, it does as follows: make your conversational contribution such as required at the stage at which it occurs by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged. To be more specific, there four maxims under this general principle: the maxim of quantity; the maxim of quality; the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner.5.【答案要点】In inductive method, the teacher provides learners with authentic language data and introduces the learners to realize grammar rules without any form of explicit explanation. It is believed that the rules will become evident if the students are given enough appropriate examples. This method can inspire students thinking activities, motivate students learning interests. And the grammar is taught in context. But the presentation of grammar is more complex and time consumption is huge. Some rules can not be induced easily.6.【答案要点】British linguist Hallidays register theory is used to describe the relationship between social variables and linguistic features. In a restricted sense, register refers to the variety of language related to one s occupation while Halliday uses the word in a much broader sense. According to him, “language varies as its function varies; it differs in different situations.” The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a register. He further distinguishes three social variables that determine the register: field of discourse, tenor of discourse, mode of discourse. Answer the following questions. (6 points for each, 6*5=30)1.【答案要点】Here are four key competences of English subject:(1) Linguistic competenceLinguistic competence, which concerns with the language itself,is the ability to understand and express meaning in the social context by means of listening, speaking, reading and writing.(2) Cultural awarenessCultural awareness refers to the understanding of Chinese and foreign culture and the identification of excellent culture. And students should have the ability to make cross-cultural communication and disseminate the excellent culture of China.(3) Thinking qualityThe quality of thinking refers to the characteristics of human thinking and reflects the level and characteristics of thinking in terms of its logicality, criticality and creativity.(4) Learning abilityLearning ability refers to students awareness and ability to actively apply and adapt to English learning strategies, broaden their English learning channels, and strive to improve their English learning efficiency.2.【答案要点】Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf proclaimed that the structure of the language people habitually use influences the ways they think and behave. Spair and Whorf believe that language filters peoples perception and the way they categorize their experiences. This interdependence of language and thought is now known as Spair-Whorf hypothesis.There are mainly two different interpretations: a strong version and a weak one. While the strong version believes that language patterns determine peoples thinking and behavior, the weak one holds that the former influences the later. In my opinion, the weak version is more convincing, There are several reasons accounting for it.(1) The strong version has its limitations: according to the strong version of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, there is no real translation and it is impossible to learn the language of a different culture unless the learner abandons his or her own mode of thinking and acquires the thought patterns of the native speakers of the target language. But the fact that successful translation between languages can be made suggests that the strong version is not completely true.(2) The weak version shed light on the relationship between language and culture. For example, the Eskimos have countless words for snow, because snow is important and crucial to life. So various forms and conditions are named. In English-speaking cultures, snow is far less important and the simple word “snow” usually suffices the need. This proves the weak version that there is a connection between the words a culture selects and ideas and things of that culture.3.【答案要点】Brown has classified the 12 principle into three sets: cognitive, socioaffective, abd linguistic.1. Cognitive Principles(1) Automaticity(2) Meaningful Learning (3) The Anticipation of Reward(4) Intrinsic Motivation(5) Strategic Investment(6) Autonomy2. Socioaffective Principles(7) Language Ego(8) Willingness to Communicate(9) The Language-Culture Connection3. Linguistic Principles(10) The Native Language Effect(11) Interlanguage(12) Communicative Competence4.【答案要点】There are many reasons to follow for making instructions effective. Using L1 language will beneficial in the following aspects:The first is to use simple instructions and make them suit the comprehension level of the students. Normally you can try to establish a clear body of classroom instructions which are concise and supported by gesture if appropriate, and then stick to them, like listen, open your books, ask your partner, etc. These can be gradually built up as students language improves over the next few weeks.The second rule is to use the mother-tongue only when it is necessary. It can be difficult to insist that teaching is done in an English-only manner, especially with beginners. When we need to explain grammar rules or rules for a game or task which may be too complicated to explain in the target language, the use of mother-tongue may seem more economic and effective. But overall, lessons should be in the target language.Third, give students time to get used to listening to English instructions and help them make an effort to understand them. Use body language to assist understanding and stick to it each time you teach the class. Students in general are all quite good at making intelligent guesses or deducing meaning from the context.5.【答案要点】In order to appreciate a poetry, we have to examine some interrelated parts called elements inside poems. The basic elements comprise voice including speaker and tone, situation and setting, diction, imagery, figures of speech such as simile and metaphor, symbolism and allegory, syntax, rhyme, rhythm and meter, myth and allusion, structure including closed form and open form, as well as theme. . Based on the following text, please write a lesson plan for senior high school students in a public school. Your answer should include text analysis, learning objectives, teaching procedures and reasons for the design. You might refer to some English education theories or principles to support this lesson plan. (30 points)(以下教案设计并非标准答案,形式仅供参考)(1) Text analysis: The reading passage is a narrative about a Chinese students school life in the UK. The main content is the experience and thoughts of a Chinese high school student, named Wei Hua, who went to a high school in Manchester to study and exchange for one year. The article describes the teachers, students, school activities, curriculum settings, etc. The comparison between high schools has stimulated students thinking about the educational models and elements of high schools in China and Britain.(2) Learning objectives:After studying this lesson, students can:Language ability: use relevant vocabulary such as subject, library, canteen, assembly, headmaster, enjoyable, exciting, challenging, etc. to discuss school life and express feelings about school life.Learning ability: through skimming, understand the main idea of the passage and figure out the structure of the article; through scanning strategy (scanning), get specific information about the passage.Cultural awareness: compare the similarities and differences of campus life between China and Britain.Thinking quality: analyze and infer that the author not only feels exciting about life abroad, but also feels challenged; discuss the pros and cons of “study abroad”.(3) Teaching procedures and reasonsStepsTeaching activities and procedureReasons for the designStep 1Activity 1:Draw a structure map of the text (10mins)1. T invites Ss to read the article instruction, the title, the first and last paragraph, asks Ss the following questions: 1) what is the type of the article? 2) whats the main idea of the passage? Then T and Ss discuss and list the features of this kind of writing from the aspects of who, what, when/how long, and where.2. T draws a simple mind map based on the above four aspects. Then T adds another aspect “How” to the map, asks Ss to read the article very quickly and let them work in peers to discuss and list each paragraphs main topic that Wei Hua spoke of so as to complete the map. 附:教师提供的结构图Pay attention to the genre of the article. Ss understand the main idea of the article, the structure of the article, focus on the overall reading, and prepare for the extraction and induction of basic information from the article.Step 2Activity 2:Complete forms and discuss in groups (15mins)1. T asks each Ss to read the text carefully again for details and fill out the form (see Appendix 1) individually, then Ss are encouraged to share their works. 2. Based on the text, above form, and their real experience, Ss work in groups of four to discuss, analyze, compare the similarities and differences of school life between British and Chinese, then complete the table (see Appendix 2). T invites two groups to express their idea, and additional information comes from other groups. Extract, analyze, compare, summarize and integrate text information. Let Ss pay attention to vocabulary learning in the context.Step 3Voice your opinion(15mins)Based on the information from the text, Ss discuss and note down the answers of the following questions: 1) British high school Ss move to different classrooms to take lessons while Chinese high school Ss do not move, which one do you like better? Why? 2) How does Wei Hua feel about her school life in the UK? Is there any difficulty faced by Wei Hua? How did he overcome his difficulties? 3) Which kind of education do you like better, Chinese school and British school? And why? 4) Many Chinese Ss want to study abroad, but they do not know the advantages and disadvantages about going abroad to study. So could you share some ideas with them? Ss are encouraged to answer these questions in English, but if some words and expressions are very difficult, they can call the help from the T or just use Chinese when necessary.The activity of answering questions can arouse students deep thinking. Train their thinking and expression skills, and let them learn to critically appreciate the education of China and Britain. Students can also understand and tolerate different cultures and strengthen their cultural self-confidence.Step 4Summary & Homework (5mins)1. T invites the class to summarize what they have learned.2. AssignmentsOption 1: retell the article.Option 2: watch the video Are Our Kids Tough Enough and try to write a paragraph to express your feelings about Chinese and British education. Option 3: suppose a British student who will come to your school to study as an exchange student wants to know the Chinese high school life in advance, please write a letter to introduce your school life for helping him. Expand the topic. Ss consolidate what they have learned in this lesson and put it in application. Translate the English text into Chinese and Chinese text into English. (10 points for each, 10*2=20)1.【答案要点】“沉默法”是迦勒盖特格发明的一种语言教学方法。它要求教师在课堂上应该尽可能保持沉默,但应该鼓励学习者尽可能多地产出语言。沉默法的教学用具,尤其是彩色图表和彩色古氏积木,源于盖特格之前作为阅读和数学课程的教育设计师的经历。沉默法也与“问题解决法”有所联系。这一点在本杰明 富兰克林的话中得到了很好的体现:告之,则恐遗忘;师之,铭记于心;践之,学以致用。(此为开放题,考生在翻译时注意术语不要出错,内容达意即可。)2.【答案要点】The top priority in the reform of the education system should be given to the improvement in the curriculum and testing system so that the future generation will not study mechanically. The key to the reform of the education lies in arousing social awareness that primary and secondary education should aim not only to offer basic knowledge to students but also to improve their overall quality, especially to inspire them to ponder over some fundamental issues like the meaning of life and social responsibility. Schools should guide students in an appropriate way so that they can form a proper world view. If schools put undue emphasis on imparting knowledge while neglect the guidance on students life, they will produce nothing but machines only capable of memorizing words and numbers.(此为开放题,内容达意即可。). Writing (40 points)(范文仅供参考)Should Teachers Be Evaluated and Criticized by Their Students?It has been generally raised that the quality of education in China leaves much to be des