2020考研英语一真题及答案解析.doc
2020年考研英语一真题答案及解析(文字版)2020年研究生入学统一考试试题(英语一)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once the case, millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nations great traditions: the Sunday roast. _1_ a cold winters day, few culinary pleasures can _2_it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this _3_ should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure _4_ to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has _5_ a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked _6_ high temperatures.This means that people should _7_ crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only _8_ toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? _9_ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no _10_ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is _11_ to be carcinogenic but have no hard scientific proof. _12_ the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is _13_ to follow the FSA advice. _14_, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a _15_.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be _16_ up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? _17_, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods _18_, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their _19_ risks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just _20_ with no one listening.1. A In B Towards C On D Till2. A match B express C satisfy D influence3. A patience B enjoyment C surprise D concern4. A intensified B privileged C compelled D guaranteed5. A issued B received C ignored D canceled6. A under B at C for D by7. A forget B regret C finish D avoid8. A partially B regularly C easily D initially9. A Unless B Since C If D While10. A secondary B external C inconclusive D negative11. A insufficient B bound C likely D slow12. A On the basis of B At the cost of C In addition to D In contrast to13. A interesting B advisable C urgent D fortunate14. A As usual B In particular C By definition D After all15. A resemblance B combination C connection D pattern16. A made B served C saved D used17. A To be fair B For instance C To be brief D in general18. A reluctantly B entirely C gradually D carefully19. A promise B experience C campaign D competition20. A follow up B pick up C open up D end up解析:今年完形填空的难度较前两年略难,虽然话题不难理解,但不易把握上下文的线索。需要对文章内容有全面和精准的把握才能做好。主要内容讲的是虽然烤肉之类的食品是会对健康带来危害,我们对这些健康方面的危言耸听也不可过度恐慌。属于比较生活的话题。下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。1.【答案】C On【解析】此处考察介词词义辨析。On a cold winters day意思是在一个寒冷冬日。介词on后加具体的某一天;in后加一段时间,例如in winter,in 2002;toward表方向,不与时间搭配;till意思是直到,例如till tomorrow,till next week,与句意不符。故正确答案为on。2.【答案】A match【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析。文章的首段首句提到:即使家庭成员不太可能经常坐下来一起吃饭,但数百万英国人将在这个周末参加这个国家最伟大的传统活动之一:星期日烤肉。On a cold winters day, few culinary pleasures can _2_it. 在一个寒冷的冬日,很少有什么乐趣与之匹配。match 匹配。express表达。satisfy满足,满意;确信;符合。influence影响。3.【答案】B enjoyment【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。上文说到星期日烤肉是一项开心的活动。后文Yet进行语义转折:然而正如现在报道的那样,食品卫生部门认为这种 3 会导致另一种有罪的快乐 4 损害我们的健康。enjoyment乐趣与上文pleasures和下文another pleasures互为关联信息。patience耐心,耐性。surprise惊喜。concern关心。4.【答案】D guaranteed【解析】 此处考察非谓语动词做后置定语的用法。空格所在句指出:这种快乐会导致另一种有罪的快乐 4 损害我们的健康。 guaranteed有保证的,一定的,填入空格处意为:这种快乐会导致另一种有罪的快乐,肯定会损害我们的健康。 intensified增强,加剧; privileged享有特权,专用,特许;compelled强迫。5.【答案】A issued【解析】此处考察词义辨析。The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has _5_ a public warning. 食品标准管理局 一项公开的警告. issued发表,发布,发出;received接收,接到; ignored忽视,忽略;canceled取消。issued a public warning发出一项公开的警告符合文意。6.【答案】B at【解析】此处考察介词辨析。in some foods cooked _6_ high temperatures. under在.下面;for为了;因为;对于; by在旁边; 通过; 由于; 经过。7.【答案】D avoid【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。7空句首this mean代词this指代上文高温炙烤的食物里会有化学复合物有害人体身体健康。所以下文提出建议人们应该 7 炸土豆,不吃薄皮披萨并且.7空同时也与reject构成语义并列的关系,故avoid正确。forget忘记;regret 后悔;finish完成。8.【答案】A partially【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。.and only_8_ toast their bread. 8空前文说到建议人们不吃炸土豆,薄皮披萨或者只是 8 烤面包。partially部分地,偶尔地;regularly有规律地; easily 容易地;initially最初地。故A选项正确。9.【答案】D While【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系+逻辑连接词辨析。 _9_ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no _10_ evidence that it causes cancer in humans. 9 研究表明丙烯酰胺可引起小鼠神经损伤,但是没有 10 证据表明它会导致人类患癌症。前后句为转折/对比/让步的逻辑关系,故选择while表示虽然,尽管。Unless除非,表条件的逻辑关系;Since因为,表因果逻辑;If如果,表条件的逻辑关系。10.【答案】C conclusive【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。 9 研究表明丙烯酰胺可引起小鼠神经损伤,但是没有 10 证据表明它会导致人类患癌症。conclusive决定性的; 令人信服的; 确凿的secondary第二的,中等的;间接的; external外面的,外部的; 表面上的; 外用的; 外国的; negative消极的,否认的。11.【答案】C likely【解析】此处考察固定搭配。be likely to 可能。insufficient 不足的,不够的;bound捆绑的,束缚的,有义务的;slow缓慢的。12.【答案】A On the basis of【解析】此处考察短语辨析+上下文逻辑。_12_ the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is _13_ to follow the FSA advice. 12 预防性原则,可以说遵循FSA的建议是 13 。 On the basis of以.为基础,根据,按照;At the cost of以.为代价;In addition to除.之外; In contrast to与之相对,相反。13.【答案】B advisable【解析】此处考察形容词词义辨析。 根据预防性原则,可以说遵循FSA的建议是 13 。interesting有趣的; advisable明智的,可取的; urgent急迫的; fortunate侥幸的,幸运的。14.【答案】D After all【解析】考察逻辑关系。原文中上一句说“基于“预防原则”,可以认为最好遵循FSA的建议”。本句说“在有证据证明吸烟与癌症之间的联系之前,吸烟导致癌症的传言就已经流传多年了。结合选项分析,As usual像往常一样,In particular尤其,特别,By definition根据定义,After all 毕竟,只有After all符合文意。15.【答案】C connection【解析】本题考察动宾搭配,结合语境和句子成分理解,这里的名词放在prove“证明”后面,整体处在不定式中做主语补足语说明主语evidence,这里“证据”应该是证明出来(吸烟和肺癌)有联系的,故选择connection。Resemblance相似,combination结合,pattern模式,均不符合。16.【答案】B served【解析】本题考察主谓搭配,此处为被动语态,和主语a piece of boiled beef 构成实际上的“动宾关系”,句意“毫无疑问,一片煮熟的牛肉总能在周日和一些蒸蔬菜一起_16_”。这里served up 表示“上菜,端上”正和文意。而其他选项made制作,saved节省,used使用,均不符合。17.【答案】A To be fair【解析】本题考察主谓搭配,上一句说“但是生命值得过下去吗?”本句话说,“英FSA表示,它并没有告诉人们.不吃烘焙食品”,可见后文并没有对上文进行举例(for instance)或总结(To be brief)或表示经常发生的事情(in general),故,应该选择顺承关系的To be fair。18.【答案】B entirely【解析】此处考察副词的修饰关系。本句话句意为“英FSA表示,它并没有告诉人们不吃烘焙食品_18_”。结合各选项分析:reluctantly不情愿地,entirely完全地,gradually逐渐地,carefully小心谨慎地,能跟前面的否定词not呼应使用表示一种部分否定的,只能是entirely才合适,not .entirely表示“并未完全.”。19.【答案】C campaign【解析】本题考察主谓搭配。根据原文语境“然而,他们(FSA)的.有风险给人一种劝诱式保姆的感觉” ,答案campaign表示“(开展的)运动,活动”放在这里最合适。promise承诺,experience经历或经验,competition竞争,均不能体现本文中FSA所做行为的代称。20.【答案】D end up【解析】考察动宾搭配,这里的句义是“持续不断的健康威胁_20_却没有人在听。”这里想强调太多的的对健康的恐慌的最终结果,只有“结束,以.告终”这个含义最符合,所以选择end up, 而follow up跟踪,坚持完成,pick up捡起,拾起,偶然学到,open up打开,开发,均不符合文义。Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 121.Copper and her colleague argue that a town of culture award would _.A. consolidate the town city ties in BritainB. promote cooperation among Brains townsC. increase the economic strength of Brains townsD. focus Brains limited resources on cultural events.22.According to paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as _.A.a sensible compromiseB.a self-deceiving attemptC.an eye-catching bonusD.an inaccessible target23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it _A. endeavor to maintain its imageB. meets the aspiration of its peopleC. brings its local arts to prominenceD. commits to its long-term growth24. “Glasgow” is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present _A. a contrasting caseB. a supporting exampleC. a background storyD. a related topic25. What is the authors attitude towards the proposal?A. Skeptical B. Objective C. Favorable D. Critical21 C increase the economic strength of Britains towns这道题是细节题。题干问库珀和她的同事们认为“文化之城”这一奖项可能会怎样可以定位在第一段第三句:“Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,” “赫尔之冠”的成功并不局限于城市,它为赫尔带来了2.2亿欧元的投资和大量艺术作品。英国的城镇,确实没有被阻止申请,但他们通常缺乏资源来凑齐一点来击败他们更大的竞争对手。有人认为,“文化之城”奖可以成为一项年度活动,吸引资金并创造就业机会。所以能看出答案是C. 增强英国城镇的经济实力。22 B a self-deceiving attempt该题是推断题, 题干问:根据第二段,这一提议或许会被一些人认为是.。 可以定位在第二段第一句“Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that”“有些人可能会把这个提议看作是一个嘘声,因为英国已经不能再申请更有声望的欧洲文化之都的称号了” 能看出来有些人是持反面态度的。很多人不认识boo,但是也能从后面的on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for,在绝望地为英国退欧后的世界重塑形象之际,英国即将消失在一场无休止的自我庆祝热潮之中. 接下来几个反问句,能看出来是一种自我欺骗的尝试,所以选择B。23 D commits to its long-term growth该题也是细节题, 题干问:作者认为这个头衔的持有者是成功的只要它可以定位到第三段第三句,这些头衔真正成功的持有者,是那些除了为酒店带来收入、带来引人注目的艺术活动和一年的良好报道之外,还做了很多事情的人。它们转变了当地居民的愿望;他们将城市的自我形象推向更大胆、更乐观的一面。所以能看出只要他把致力于乡村的长期发展中,这个头衔就会是成功的。24 A. a contrasting case这题是写作目的题, 题干说:第3段提到格拉斯哥是为了展现什么。可以定位到第三段倒数第一句。可以看到前面有明显的BUT, 知道和前面的意思成相反。“这个问题很难解决,需要高度的远见卓识,也需要城市当局、私营部门、社区团体和文化组织之间的合作。但这是可以做到的:格拉斯哥作为欧洲文化之都的一年,可以被看作是一系列复杂的因素之一,这些因素把这座城市变成了艺术、音乐和戏剧的力量,直到今天。”25 D favourable这题是作者态度题,问作者对于这个建议的态度。第一段是提出该建议。第二段是一些人认为这个建议有点吹嘘。而只有最后一段能看出作者对此建议的态度,“一个“文化之城”不仅仅是艺术之城,而且要尊重一个城市的特色帮助维持它的商业街,支持当地的设施,最重要的是赞美它的人民,并将其转化为行动。”所以能看出是积极赞成的态度。Text 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need joumals in which to publishtheir research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only fnd a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than 210m in 2016 toenable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around 500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of thesearticle preparation costs had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money partly because_A its funding has enjoyed a steady increase .B its marketing strategy has been successful.C its payment for peer review is reduced.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have_A thrived mainly on university libraries.B gone through an existential crisis.C revived the publishing industry.D financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?A Relieved.B Puzzled.C ConcernedD Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms_Aallow publishers some room to make money.B render publishing much easier for scientists.C reduce the cost of publication substantially.D free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?A Trial subscription is offered.B Labour triumphs over status.C Costs are well controlled.D The few feed on the many.26, 细节题 D its content acquisition cost nothing根据题干中关键词a licence to print money because ,定位到第一段第二句,其他科学家也免费进行同行评议的专门工作,因为它是获得地位和生产科学知识的核心要素。正确选项D,acquisition原词, for free替换选项中的,cost nothing.27, 细节题 A thrived mainly on universities libraries根据题干关键词Elsevier定位到第三段第一句话,The Dutch giant Elsevier, .made profits of more than 490m last year. while UK universities alone spent more than 210m in 2016,该公司去年利润超过4.9亿英镑 然而仅英国大学在2016年就花费了超过2.1亿英镑。正确选项A 主要依靠大学图书馆 为定位句的同意表达28态度题 B concerned根据题干中关键词Sci-Hub的成功定位到第四段第二句, The success of Sci- Hub, . have themselves legally accessed shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants这表明法律生态系统在其用户中已经失去了合法性,必须进行改造,以便为所有参与者服务. 可见作者对于Sci- Hub的成功采取否定态度,正确选项B concerned担忧,担心。A relieved宽慰的,C puzzled困惑的属错误选项, D encouraged鼓励的,正反混淆29推断题 A allow publishers some room to make money根据题干关键词open access定位到第四段,最后一句 .so that the publishers can make a profit before.,合理收取费用是未来出版商能够获利,A选项为同义替换。B render publishing much easier for scientists使发表对科学家来说容易得多 .C reduce the cost of publication substantiality 降低出版成本 D. free universities from financial burdens使大学摆脱财政负担30 细节题 D the few feed on the many根据题干关键词scientific publishing model定位到最后一段第五句,labour is provided places free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.劳动力被免费提供,以换取地位的希望,而一些经营市场的大公司则获得了巨额利润。 可知少部分作者免费劳动,大部分公司盈利,A选项为同义替换Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure gender parity on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such