2013南京航空航天大学246英语真题.pdf
S “ S “ : :2t bt?v M V 3 I k k k5 “ S “ : S “ : s : s i s5 i Y sAs5 k5 (r k5 s5B k5 I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet. 1. I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 2. In order to find the missing child, villagers _ all they can over the past five hours. A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing 3. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important. A. must B. should C. neednt D. cannot 4. The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixing at birth, but _ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. A. where B. whether C. that D. why 5. A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this 6. When _ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked 7. Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _ some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept 8. After school we went to the readingroom to do some reading, only to be told that it_. A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorating D was being decorated 9. I have _ to meet a tourist who can stand a whole Chinese opera. A. already B. yet C. not D. never 10. That strange animal belongs to a _ that I havent seen before. A. group B. species C. variety D. category 11. John said that he was going to _ his wife home next year. A. advise B. accompany C. depart D. discard 12. Prices _ because of the change in economic policy. A. flew B. skipped C. ran D. roared 13. The structure of this animals brain gives no _ that it is any more intelligent than others. S “ S “ : :A. index B. indication C. hint D. implication 14. While others sat at home studying papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a boat and made _ observations. A. ofthespot B. inthespot C. atthespot D. onthespot 15. People _ goods into the country to avoid paying custom duty on them. A. smuggle B. ship C. transport D. transmit 16. The population bomb is a _ that has already happened in some parts of the world, with terrible results. A. distress B. miracle C. disaster D. giant 17. Every time he thought of the innocent people he killed in China, his _ was troubled. A. conservation B. consideration C. conscience D. convenience 18. One of the attractive features of the course was the way the practical work had been _ with the theoretical aspects of the subject. A. instructed B. involved C. interfered D. integrated 19. Whether he can pass the examination is thought to be _ for his going abroad. A. personal B. special C. conventional D. crucial 20. The educational plan will fail because it has no _. A. vacation B. version C. vision D. variation II. Cloze (20 points) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet. Albert Einstein is said to have been asked by a student, “what finding helped you most when you were _1_ the theory of relativity?” Einstein replied without _2_ moments hesitation. “Finding how to _3_ about the problem.” The same _4_ is told about Sir Isaac Newton and _5_ other scientists. We have no proof _6_ any of these wellknown conversations _7_ took place, but we are prepared to _8_ that they did, and, if so, that the _9_ was the same one Einstein gave, _10_ this is the “way scientists work _11_ science progresses.” Scientists usually work toward models of the process of structure they are studying. _12_ we have models of the structure _13_ the universe and of the atom, models of the process _14_ which the genetic pattern is passed from one building block of life to _15_ models of the economic system and _16_ on. Some models are mathematical, but a _17_ does not have to have equations or even diagrams; the _18_ requirement is no doubt that it _19_ an insight (into the relationships that determine _20_ something works as it does or how it is put together. 1. A) designing B) inventing C) revealing D) developing 2. A) a B) the C) an D) some 3. A) know B) learn C) think D) argue 4. A) event B) news C) story D) information 5. A) any B) more C) few D) several 6. A) that B) since C) which D) as 7. A) naturally B) actually C) eventually D) regularly 8. A) forget B) consider C) believe D) realize 9. A) question B) answer C) conversation D) topic S “ S “ : :10. A) although B) because C) unless D) once 11. A) while B) or C) and D) but 12. A) Otherwise B) Nevertheless C) Still D) Thus 13. A) of B) in C) with D) over 14. A) for B) by C) on D) to 15. A) either B) other C) both D) another 16. A) so B) later C) further D) straight 17. A) structure B) pattern C) process D) model 18. A) urgent B) important C) original D) unnecessary 19. A) provide B) will provide C) provided D) is provided 20. A) when B) what C) why D) whether III. Reading Comprehension (30 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 Princeton, Americas richest university, with over $750,000 in donation for every student, started it earlier this year. It was concerned that its prices were keeping out clever, poorer, kids, so it decided to offer full scholarships for students with family incomes below $40,000, and more aid for those below $90,000. Shortly afterwards, Yales president, Richard Levin, announced more aid for middleincome families. Stanford and MIT (not strictly Ivy League, but competitors nevertheless) soon announced similar plans. Harvard considered matters and then increased its financial aid budget by 20%. Next came Dartmouth. And in October Cornell announced plans to raise $200m of new donation to finance greater financial aid. The other Ivy Leaguers may not have the resources to compete. Brown has already weakened the policy, still practiced b rivals, of admitting students regardless of ability to pay and then guaranteeing them the aid they need to attend. Now there are stories of students faxing aid offers to competing schools and asking them to be matched. The Harvard University Gazette( ) reported that Harvard sent a letter this spring to all newly admitted students saying: “We expect that some of our students will have particularly attractive offers from the institutions with new aid programmes, and those students should not assume that we will not respond.” The most striking thing about this sentence is not its clumsy double negative. It is that Harvard sounds just like an appliance salesman crying, “We will meet or beat any price!” In the past, the Ivy League universities have not merely avoided coarse price competition; they have plotted to prevent it. For years, the manual of the Council of Ivy League Presidents said that the schools should “neutralize the effect of financial aid so that a student may choose among Ivy Group institutions for nonfinancial reasons”. In short, the Ivy Leaguers(along with MIT) fixed prices by, for instance, using a common financialaid formula and agreeing not to award scholarships based solely on merit. 1. Yale would raise financial aid for _ families. A. lowincome B. middleincome C. highincome D. working 2. Brown is an example of universities that _. S “ S “ : :A. have increased their financial aid budgets B. admit students regardless of ability to pay C. are not rich enough to compete D. award scholarships based solely on merit 3. What does the letter sent by Harvard mean? A. Harvard will match aid offers from competing institutions. B. Harvard will offer particularly attractive offers. C. Harvard does not care what aid other institutions may offer. D. Students should not respond to offers from other institutions. 4. What is “neutralize”(Par.4, sentence 2) most likely to mean? A. Pay attention to B. Make use of C. Look down upon D. Render ineffective 5. The last paragraph is most likely to be followed by _. A. which university started the competition for clever but poor students B. different universities reactions to the competition C. what has caused the Ivy Leaguers to change their practice D. what has been the Ivy Leaguers attitude towards price competition Passage 2 Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and respectable occupations. Personal consultants give better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Increasingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes. Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the “masculine” qualities required. This is true even in politics. “When the one clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently.” Says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduates to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them. S “ S “ : :The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes. 6. The word “liability”(paragraph 1) most probably means _. A. misfortune B. instability C. disadvantage D. burden 7. In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness _. A. reinforces the female qualities required B. makes women look more honest and capable C. is of primary importance to women D. often enables women to succeed quickly 8. Bowmans experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness _. A. turns out to be an obstacle B. affects men and women alike C. has as little effect on men as on women D. is more of an obstacle than a benefit to women 9. It can be inferred from the passage that peoples views on beauty are often _. A. practical B. prejudiced C. oldfashioned D. radical 10. The author writes this passage to _. A. discuss the negative aspects of being attractive B. give advice to jobseekers who are attractive C. demand equal rights for women D. emphasize the importance of appearance Passage 3 While anything can happen in the world of gold, no one expects bullion(H v )price to rise anytime soon. Desperation sales by Asian citizens and governments have been depressing gold prices for months. At this autumns price of about $ 290 an ounce, gold is going for 10 percent less than last fall and 25 percent less than in 1996. American jewelry counters barely reflect that steep decline. A survey by the World Gold Council found that Americans paid about $83 for the typical piece of gold jewelry this summer, down about $2 from what they paid in 1996. “Most retail jewelers have lowered prices,” says Michael Paolercio, CEO of Michael Anthony Jewelers, one of the nations largest manufactures of gold jewelry. “Have they lowered them dollar for dollar? No.” Shoppers elsewhere buy gold jewelry with the sharp eye of an investor. But U. S. shoppers grab gold like blinded magpies( ), and they seem to disregard prices. In a 1997 survey of 2,107 Americans, the World Gold Council found that 85 percent didnt know about the daily price of gold. Worse, almost half of those who thought they knew were way off. As a result, the cheaper cost of raw gold has generally meant higher profits for retailers. Zale Corp., the nations largest jewelry retailer, for example, saw profits rise 36 percent in the year ending July 31, while sales rose only 9 percent. The gold business has a long history of taking advantage of consumers. While today most jewelers wont outright lie, many hold back information to make it difficult to comparisonshop. S “ S “ : :When a U.S. News reporter visited 10 jewelers, department stores, and discount outlets last week, only two shops were willing to reveal the weight of a gold necklace. Still, it is possible to