东华理工大学 2017 年硕士生入学考试初试试题综合英语.pdf
注意:答案请做在答题纸上,做在试卷上无效 第 1 页,共 10 页 东华理工大学 2017 年硕士生入学考试初试试题 科目代码: 840 ; 科目名称: 综合英语 ;( A 卷) 适用专业(领域)名称: 学科教学(英语) Part I Grammar & Vocabulary (30%) There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. Which of the following phrases indicates a verb-object relationship? A. The struggle of the exploited. B. The city of Rome. C. The release of the prisoners. D. A friend of his daughter. 2. Paul earns very little as a classical cellist, _ his brothers pop musicals have made millions. A. in spite of B. since C. in contrast to D. whereas 3. I wont have a whisky, thank you. Its not that I dont drink, _ that I dont drink and drive. A. otherwise B. but rather C. except D. so 4. _ is she in London than she rings up her old friend Yvonne. A. No sooner B. Rarely C. Hardly D. Once 5. _ I realized the consequences, I would never have contemplated getting involved. A. Had B. If C. When D. Unless 6. It is _ pity that you cannot come to the wedding. A. such a B. so C. such as D. many a 7. I _ be most grateful if you could let me have the details as soon as possible. A. ought to B. intend to C. should D. might 8. She managed to save _ little money she could out of her wages to help her brother. A. which B. what C. how D. so 9. The left wing of the party prospers _ the right wing seems to be losing ground. A. until B. whether C. unless D. while 10. _ a true word is spoken in jest. A. Much B. Many C. Many a D. Very 11. Let us hope that _ a nuclear war, the human race might still survive. A. in the event of B. with reference to C. in relation to D. within the realms of 12. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _ the guards discovered what had happened. A. until B. since C. before D. when 13. Optical _ deceive the eye with tricks of perception. A. illusions B. delusions C. ideals D. increments 14. Apple claims to be the largest U.S. corporate taxpayer, but by _ size and scale, it is also among Americas largest tax avoiders. A. mere B. sheer C. only D. pure 15. The situation was _ but not _. A. hopeless desperate B. desperate hopeless C. hopeful desperate D. desperate hopeful 注意:答案请做在答题纸上,做在试卷上无效 第 2 页,共 10 页 16. A corporate reputation consultant believed that Tiger Woods, whose admission to _ had caused his favorable rating to plunge, should hold his head high and avoid a _ mea culpa(认罪) . A. infidelity . groveling B. stupendous harangue C. lofty mistress D. downright libretto 17. The _ people of Australia were called Aborigines by the English settlers. A. indigenous B. ingenuous C. innate D. indigent 18. The cars of the future will not be suitable for long trips, because these cars by petrol can only go 450 kilometers before needing to stop for _. A. replenishing B. refueling C. renewing D. resurrecting 19. Even a passing _ with real hunter-gatherer societies suggests there are considerable disadvantages to the cash-free life. A. knowledge B. acquaintance C. experience D. idea 20. The old gentleman _ to be an old friend of his grandfathers. A. turned over B. turned up C. turned out D. turned in 21. The rules stated that anyone who had held office for three years was not _ for re-election. A. inclusive B. permissible C. eligible D. admissible 22. Two of my friends have decided to get married: I saw the announcement of their _ in The Times last week. A. courtship B. engagement C. avowal D. pledge 23. “Theres no need for you to _ like that, Tom, just because your sisters been told off for once.” A. smoulder B. smug C. smirk D. shirk 24. Although she was dying to rip open the present, she exercised some _. A. restraint B. authority C. moderation D. control 25. Its very easy for the undereducated and vulnerable to be _ by slick-talking salesman. A. put up B. put aside C. taken in D. taken away 26. The child _ her grandmother in the hope of getting more sweets. A. cuddled down to B. cuddled up to C. sidled through to D. sidled up to 27. I really wanted to say something at the meeting, but eventually _ from it. A. prevented B. restrained C. refrained D. restricted 28. The court would not accept his appeal unless _ evidence is provided. A. conclusive B. eventual C. concluding D. definite 29. Everyone in the office knows that Bill takes infinite care over his work. The italicized part means _. A. much B. limited C. overdue D. unnecessary 30. The child nodded, apparently content with his mothers promise. The italicized part means _. A. as far as one is concerned B. as far as one can see C. as far as one has learnt D. as far as one is told Part II Cloze ( 20%) Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding 注意:答案请做在答题纸上,做在试卷上无效 第 3 页,共 10 页 blanks. Learning theorists emphasize the role of environmental influences in shaping the way a person develops. 31 their view, child development is guided by both deliberate and 32 learning experiences in the home, peer groups, school, and community. Therefore, childhood growth is significantly 33 by the efforts of parents, teachers, and others to 34 children in desirable ways. According to learning theories, the same 35 that explain how people can use a bicycle or computer also explain how children acquire social skills, emotional self-control, reasoning strategies, and the 36 skills of walking and running. One kind of learning occurs when a childs actions are 37 by a reward or punishment. A reward, also called a reinforcer, increases the probability that behavior will be repeated. For example, a young child may 38 draw pictures because she receives praise from her parents after 39 each one. A punishment decreases the probability that behavior will be repeated. For example, a child who touches a hot stove and burns his fingertips is not 40 to touch the stove again. 41 kind of learning, classical conditioning, occurs when a person makes a 42 association between two events. For example, babies begin sucking when they are put in a familiar nursing 43 , children fear dogs whose barking has startled them in the past. A third kind of learning 44 of imitating the behavior of others. A boy may acquire his fathers 45 of talking, his mothers tendency to roll her eyes, and his favorite basketball players moves 46 the court. In doing so, he also acquires 47 about the consequences of these behaviors. Learning theories provide extremely useful ways of understanding how developmental changes in behavior and thinking 48 and, for some children, why behavior problems arise. These theories can be studied scientifically and practically applied. Critics point out, 49 , that learning theories sometimes neglect childrens 50 role in their own understanding and development. 31. A. With B. From C. For D. In 32. A. unintended B. uninvolved C. undiscovered D. unlimited 33. A. achieved B. created C. developed D. shaped 34. A. moralize B. recognize C. socialize D. standardize 35. A. considerations B. instructions C. principles D. tendencies 36. A. physical B. personal C. original D. technical 37. A. directed B. followed C. pursued D. tracked 38. A. continuously B. immediately C. occasionally D. regularly 39. A. completing B. fulfilling C. handling D. obtaining 40. A. liable B. likely C. possible D. ready 41. A. Another B. Next C. One D. Other 42. A. emotional B. intellectual C. mental D. spiritual 43. A. condition B. location C. posture D. situation 44. A. contains B. consists C. comprises D. composes 45. A. custom B. means C. type D. style 46. A. over B. on C. in D. at 47. A. estimations B. evaluations C. explorations D. expectations 48. A. appear B. emerge C. exist D. occur 49. A. accordingly B. however C. moreover D. therefore 50. A. active B. dominant C. positive D. social 注意:答案请做在答题纸上,做在试卷上无效 第 4 页,共 10 页 Part III Reading Comprehension (40%) In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Text A We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified. The question is no mere academic one. The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently. One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonjer (1960) of the Netherlands, however, has shown that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the week-end and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal wakefulness may persist through all week-ends and holidays. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep, digestive disorder and domestic disruption among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these symptoms among those permanent night work. This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his performance, but this can be laborious. Fortunately, we again have a physiological measure which correlates reasonably well with the behavioural one, in this case performance at various times of the day or night, and which is easier to take. This is the level of body temperature, as taken by an ordinary clinical thermometer. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually reverse to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance and general alertness. Therefore by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice. 51. The main theme of the passage is _. A. the effects of lack of sleep B. sleep and body temperature C. how easily people can get used to working at night D. the effect of automation on working efficiency 注意:答案请做在答题纸上,做在试卷上无效 第 5 页,共 10 页 52. Why is the question no mere academic one (Para.2)? A. Because of research by Bonjer and Brown. B. Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. C. Because some people can change their sleeping habits easily. D. Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits. 53. The main problem about night work is that _. A. people do not want the inconvenience of working on night shifts B. people are disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back C. not all industries work at the same hours D. it is difficult to find a corps of good night workers 54. The best answer to the problem seems to be _. A. not to change shifts from one week to the next B. to have longer periods on each shift C. to employ people who will always work at night D. to find ways of selecting people who adapt quickly 55. Scientists are able to measure adaptation by taking body temperature because _. A. body temperature is a good basis for selection B. people have low temperatures at night C. the temperature reverses when the routine is changed D. people have high temperatures when they are working efficiently Text B What makes the hair stand on end even more than the harrowing tales of human need contained in this readable and impressively researched history of the workhouse, is that while that hated Victorian institution may have disappeared, together with the Poor Laws that created it, the attitudes behind them still exist and still dictate our policies towards the deprived. Above all, there was and still is the belief that if the physically fit are poor it is because they are idle only from choice. As far back as the sixteenth century the law dictated: “If any man or woman, able to work, should refuse to labour and live idly for three days, he or she should be branded with a red-hot iron on the breast with the letter V and should be the slave for two years of any person who should inform of such idler.” We may not brand the unemployed with a red-hot iron today, but sear their minds with criticism we do: the deserving and undeserving poor still exist. Thus it is easier for politicians to make provision for widows than for unmarried mothers, easier for charities to raise money for pets (apparently blameless for their needs) than for the homeless, the poor, or ex-prisoners. The belief, belied by all the facts of economic life, that it is impossible to be poor and able-bodied unless you are feckless or idle leads to so-called “relief” institutions that deliberately set out to deter custom. That was the concept of the workhouse. One of its pioneers wrote: “I wish to see the workhouse looked to with dread by our labouring classes and the reproach for being an inmate of it extend downwards from father to son . Let the poor see and feel that their parish, although it will not allow them to perish through absolute want, is yet the hardest taskmaster, the closest paymaster, and the most harsh 注意:答案请做在答题纸上,做在试卷上无效 第 6 页,共 10 页 and unkind friend they can apply to.” Attitudes of the past? Not at all. Even today many local politicians and welfare officers will defend the punitive conditions of hostels for the homeless as a necessary incentive to the homeless to find alternative accommodationno matter that it is sheer lack of accommodation that makes them homeless in the first place. It is shattering how the authors descr