2014年上海海事大学256二外英语考研真题.pdf
1 2014 年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 ( 重要提示 :答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题上不给分) 考试科目 代码 256 考试科目名称 二外英语 Part I. Vocabulary and Grammar ( 130=30%) In this section there are 30 sentences, and after each there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best fits into each sentence and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 1.Johnson isnt tired of Shanghai, it seems, but appearances can be _. A. deceptive B. receptive C. perceptive D. intuitive 2.Jeremy said he agreed but his voice lacked _. A. inspiration B. conviction C. imitation D. preoccupation 3.Be brave. The world community should not _ in the face of this economic recession. A. shuffle B. flinch C. stake D. avoid 4.Water is the softest substance in the world, but yet it can _ the hardest rock. A. plow B. trespass C. prevail D. penetrate 5.Many of the girls from the South seemed to be _ with excitement on seeing the snow. A. addicted B. annoyed C. infused D. lamented 6.I believe that people should live in houses that allow them to _ from the harsh realities of life. A. wither B. retreat C. carve D. avoid 7.He is waiting for them to recognize him and eventually they do, much to his _. A. nomination B. gratification C. justification D. obligation 8.What you do for a living is critical to where you settle and how you live and the _ is also true. A. converse B. reverse C. back D. access 9.People develop on-line relationships with folks on the other side of the globe, but at the expense of the time that would have otherwise been _for involvements with their peers in reality. A. simulated B. fragmented C. available D. alienated 10.Hes a wanted killer, and the police have been given strict instructions to _ him at all costs. A. comprehend B. supplement C. compliment D. apprehend 11.The hundred or so pictures he took the next day _ the fullest photographic record of nuclear destruction in existence. A. compromise B. attribute C. constitute D. distribute 12.The photograph display the fate of a single city, but their meaning is _, since what happened to Nagasaki can happen to any city in the world. A. universal B. unearthly C. usual D. united 13.The human imagination had stumbled to _ in the wreckage of the first ruined city without reaching even the outskirts of the second. A. fragility B. exhaustion C. existence D. continuation 14. In his research, Professor Danes found the _ of human beings to fight after theyve been defeated. A. affection B. fragility C. resiliency D. tapestry 15. In prosperity our friends know us, but in _ we know our friends. 2 A. reality B. attachment C. advertising D. adversity 16. The lower-paid spend a _ large amount of their earnings on food. A. myopic B. pervasively C. disproportionately D. insidiously 17. Children from _ families are usually addicted to computer games for comfort. A. blatant B. dysfunctional C. illiterate D. self-reliant 18. By the end of the evening she had abandoned all _ of being interested. A. pretense B. exertion C. simulation D. idiocy 19. His rise to fame was quite _ in less than eighteen months he was a household name. A. promising B. prominent C. phenomenal D. outstanding 20.We thought that feminism was about liberating women from enforced domestic and maternal _. A. practice B. drudgery C. regularity D. boredom 21.After a long, hot, and _ journey we fell asleep the moment our heads touched the pillows. A. intensive B. arduous C. harsh D. rigid 22.Visitors are often _ by the maze of streets in Shanghai. A. cluttered B. mixed C. bewildered D. committed 23.The freshmen embrace with _ their new life on the university campus. A. sincerity B. solitude C. courage D. gusto 24.Her daughters were eagerly called to _ of her joy. A. pay B. partake C. depart D. part 25.So show up on time for meetings and appointments, always call if youre going to be late for dinner, _ your duties and responsibilities. A. live up to B. be accustomed to C. be used to D. be attentive to 26.Driven by strong _, he has been working hard at English. A. impulse B. motivation C. emotion D. mood 27.All the performances and seminars were highly _ to the National Day celebrations. A. associative B. restricted C. pertinent D. suitable 28.It is beyond doubt that Shakespeare takes _ over any other playwright throughout the world. A. pride B. precedence C. prime D. proceeding 29.There is a _ difference between “egoism” and “individualism”. A. subtle B. enormous C. small D. striking 30. What worries the principal about these students is their _ they seem to have no desire to expand their horizons. A. confidence B. commonsense C. competence D. complacency Part II. Reading Comprehension (120=20%) There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage One Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. There are good reasons to be troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media. Movies, Television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask whats wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment. Most researchers agree that the causes of real-world violence are complex. A 1993 study by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences listed “biological, individual, family, peer, school, and community factors” as all playing their parts. 3 Viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals. The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality. Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement: “At this time, well over 1,000 studies point overwhelmingly to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children.” Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disputed the number of studies (most were review articles and essays, they said). When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression. And when he weeded out “the most doubtful measures of aggression”, only 28% supported a connection. The critical point here is causality. The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression. But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined. When labeling games as violent or non-violent, should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event? And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read aggressive or non-aggressive words from a list, can we be sure what they are actually measuring? The intent of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction. Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more. Several researchers write, speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media. That is, of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. Such clashes help neither science nor society. 31. Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and video games? A) There is a lot of violence in the real world today. B) Something has gone wrong with todays society. C) Many people are fond of gunplay and bloodshed. D) Showing violence is thought to be entertaining. 32. What is the skeptics (Line 3. Para. 3) view of media violence? A) Violence on television is a fairly accurate reflection of real-world life. B) Most studies exaggerate the effect of media violence on the viewers. C) A causal relationship exists between media and real-world violence. D) The influence of media violence on children has been underestimated. 33. The author uses the term “alarmists” (Line 1. Para. 5) to refer to those who _. A) use standardized measurements in the studies of media violence B) initiated the debate over the influence of violent media on reality C) assert a direct link between violent media and aggressive behavior D) use appropriate methodology in examining aggressive behavior 34. In refuting the alarmists, the author advances his argument by first challenging _. A) the source and amount of their data B) the targets of their observation C) their system of measurement D) their definition of violence 35. What does the author think of the debate concerning the relationship between the media and violence? A) More studies should be conducted before conclusions are drawn. B) It should come to an end since the matter has now been settled. C) The past studies in this field have proved to be misleading. 4 D) He more than agrees with the views held by the alarmists. Passage Two Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks theyre bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants impact on the economy and the reality? There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nations fears and insecurities. Theres some truth to all these explanations, but they arent quite sufficient. To get a better understanding of whats going on, consider the way immigrations impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants low-cost labor are businesses and employers meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000. Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants access to certain benefits. The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected say, low-skilled workers, or California residents the impact isnt all that dramatic. “The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions,“ says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon. “But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one.“ Too bad most people dont realize it. 36. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A) Whether immigrants are good or bad for the economy has been puzzling economists. B) The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now its a different story. C) The consensus among economists is that immigration should not be encouraged. D) The general public thinks differently from most economists on the impact of immigration. 37. In what way does the author think ordinary Americans benefit from immigration? A) They can access all kinds of public services. B) They can get consumer goods at lower prices. C) They can mix with people of different cultures. D) They can avoid doing much of the manual labor. 38. Why do native low-skilled workers suffer most from illegal immigration? A) They have greater difficulty getting welfare support. B) They are more likely to encounter interracial conflicts. C) They have a harder time getting a job with decent pay. D) They are no match for illegal immigrants in labor skills. 5 39. What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants? A) It may change the existing social structure. B) It may pose a threat to their economic status. C) It may lead to social instability in the country. D) It may place a great strain on the state budget. 40. What is the irony about the debate over immigration? A) Even economists cant reach a consensus about its impact. B) Those who are opposed to it turn out to benefit most from it. C) People are making too big a fuss about something of small impact. D) There is no essential difference between seemingly opposite opinions. Passage Three Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage. Several recent studies have found that being randomly assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood of conflict. Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships. An Ohio State University study also foun