2018杭州师范大学硕士研究生考试真题之243二外英语.pdf
杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2018年考试科目代码243考试科目名称二外英语(本考试科目共12页,第1页)杭州师范大学2018年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码:243考试科目名称:二外英语说明:考生答题时一律写在答题纸上,否则漏批责任自负。PartIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(210=20points)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on the Answer Sheet.For questions 1 - 7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.AirplaneAirplaneInstrumentsModern airplanes are complicated machines. Pilots need many gauges(量表) and electronic aidsto help fly them. The flight deck of a large passenger plane contains many indicator dials andwarning lights. One of the most important instruments is the altimeter, which tells the pilot how highthe plane is off the ground. The air speed indicator measures the planes speed. The artificial horizonshows the position of the plane relative to the horizon. The turn and back indicator shows how much,if at all, the plane is turning and tilting. In dense clouds and fog, a pilot would not always knowwhich way the plane is heading if it werent for this instrument. A gyrocompass(旋转罗盘)andvarious radio devices are necessary for navigation.Most large planes also have an automatic pilot. This is a device operated by a computer. It willfly the plane without the pilots touching the controls. These autopilots can even control takeoffs andlandings. The flight deck also contains many gauges and meters that tell the pilot whether the manypieces of equipment on the plane are operating properly. They measure fuel level, temperatures,杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2018年考试科目代码243考试科目名称二外英语(本考试科目共12页,第2页)cabin pressure, electric current, etc. Indicators show whether the landing gear is up or down. Theradio equipment allows the pilot to talk to ground controllers and to receive navigation signals.AirplaneConstructionEarly airplanes were made of wood frames covered by fabric and held in shape by wire. AfterWorld War I, airplane designers started to use lightweight metals like aluminum, titanium, andmagnesium alloys. A thin skin of metal was riveted(固定住) into place over metal ribs. Strongepoxy(环氧的) glues are now used for some joints, instead of rivets. As planes grew in size, theybecame heavier. More powerful engines were developed in order to fly the heavier planes.The use of metals brings with it a problem called metal fatigue. Stress and vibration in flight cancause metal parts eventually to break up. Airplanes must be constantly checked for signs of thistrouble. Defective parts must be renewed by aircraft maintenance people.Designers test scale models in wind tunnels before the full sized planes are built. Reactions ofthe models to high speed air streams give good indications how full sized planes will react in flight.This approach helps save a lot of money. It also helps to make airplanes safe.AirportAn airport is a place where airplanes arrive and depart. Passengers leave and arrive on theairplanes and cargo is loaded and unloaded. Large, jet powered airplanes require long runways fortakeoffs and landings. Big terminal buildings are necessary to handle thousands of passengers andtheir baggage. Very large airports usually serve several large cities and cover thousands of acres.Hundreds of planes arrive and depart daily. All this traffic must be carefully controlled to avoiddelays and accidents. This is done from a control tower. The tower stands high above the ground. Airtraffic controllers, inside the tower, must be able to guide airplanes through their takeoffs andlandings.Large airports are often like small cities. Many have post offices, banks, hotels, restaurants, andmany kinds of shops. Airports have their own fire and police departments, fuel storage tanks, andrepair work shops. Some companies even have their shipping warehouses located at airports.One of the largest airports in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities ofDallas and Fort Worth. This airport covers 7,200 hectares (18,000 acres). Its five terminals canhandle the arrivals and departures of 90 jumbo jets at the same time. OHare International Airport, inChicago, is the busiest airport in the world. It handles more than 37 million passengers a year.Small airports that are used only by private airplanes usually cover 20 to 40 hectares (50 to 100acres). They do not need all the buildings and services of a large airport. The control tower may bejust a small room in a building at ground level.RunwaysEarly planes were light. Early runways were sometimes just level grass fields. Paved runwaysbecame necessary when airplanes became heavier and faster. Todays big jet planes weigh hundredsof tons. They move along runways at speeds of 160 kph (100 mph). When they land, the runwaystake a lot of pounding and must be made of concrete or asphalt(沥青). They must have solidfoundations and a surface that prevents skidding.杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2018年考试科目代码243考试科目名称二外英语(本考试科目共12页,第3页)Airplanes take off into the wind in order to get better lift. They also land into the wind to havebetter control as they slow down. Most airports have runways pointing in different directions. Thismeans that there are always runways on which airplanes can go into the wind as they take off andland.Heavily loaded passenger jets need long runways to gather enough speed to leave the ground.Runways at some large airports are longer than 3,000 m (10,000 ft).At night, bright lights line the runways so that pilots can find them without trouble. A system offlashing guide lights is set up beyond the runway to help pilots land safely.ControlTowersPeople who work in control towers are called air traffic controllers. They direct the movementsof all planes on the ground and in the air by keeping track of them on large radar screens. Air trafficcontrollers tell a pilot, by radio, when and where to taxi or pilot the plane down the runway.Electronic equipment is used to guide airplanes. Long range radar is used to keep track of planesfar away from the airport. This radar is called Ground Control Approach (GCA). When the airplanegets within a few miles of the runway, the air traffic controller begins to use Precision ApproachRadar (PAR). This allows the controller to guide the airplane to within 0.4 km (0.25mi) of therunway. At that point, the pilot completes the landing. Another electronic aid used in bad weather isthe Instrument Landing System (ILS). In this system, radio transmitters located near the runway sendguidance signals to the airplane. These signals tell the pilot how to steer the plane for the finalapproach to the runways. Today, there are also electronic “microwave” landing systems (MLS) thatcan land the plane fully automatically.TerminalBuildingsTerminal buildings vary in size and shape. Most of them are quite large. More than 228 millionpeople fly on the airlines in America every year. Every passenger must pass through terminals. Long,covered walkways lead from the center of some terminals to the gates where airplanes are boarded.At some airports, buses are used to transport passengers to their airplanes. Passengers arriving fromanother country must pass through customs and passport control. Customs officials check theincoming baggage for taxable items. They also check passengers to be sure no forbidden items arebrought into the country. Passport officials check the passports of passengers for personalidentification.Passengers are not allowed to bring guns, knives, or other weapons onto a passenger airplane.Before boarding, they must walk through a detector which triggers a special signal if they arecarrying anything made of metal. Luggage is also examined for weapons. This is done to ensure thesafety of the passengers.1. The main purpose of this passage is to introduce the history of airplanes.2. The device of an automatic pilot can usually fly a plane more smoothly than a human pilot.3. With the help of the radio equipment, pilots are able to communicate with ground controllers.4. We can tell from the passage that early airplanes are not as solid as modern ones.5. According to the passage, the busiest airport in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2018年考试科目代码243考试科目名称二外英语(本考试科目共12页,第4页)between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth.6. The runways should be long and solid enough for the heavily loaded jets.7. Precision Approach Radar (PAR) is used by air traffic controllers to keep track of airplanesfar away from the airport.8. The planes can be landed fully automatically if the control towers are equipped with_.9. After getting off the plane, every passenger arriving from another country must pass through_.10. When passengers go through a detector before they board, and anything made of metal isdetected, the detector triggers _.PartII VocabularyandStructure(130=30points)Directions: Choose the best answer you think fit to fill in the gaps of each sentence with the itemsgiven. Please write down the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet.11. I hate people who _ the end of a film that you havent seen before.A) reveal C) rewriteB) revise D) reverse12. Hes watching TV? Hes _ to be cleaning his room.A) known C) supposedB) regarded D) considered13. The old couple decided to _ a boy and a girl though they had three of their own.A) adapt C) bringB) receive D) adopt14. The newspaper did not mention the _ of the damage caused by the fire.A) range C) levelB) extent D) quantity15. The soldier was _ of running away when the enemy attacked.A) scolded C) chargedB) accused D) punished16. It is useful to be able to predict the extent _ which a price change will affect supply anddemand. A) from C) withB) to D) for17. Finding a job in such a big company has always been _ his wildest dreams.A) under C) overB) above D) beyond18.You see the lightning _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2018年考试科目代码243考试科目名称二外英语(本考试科目共12页,第5页)A) the instant C) for an instantB) on the instant D) in an instant19. The manager lost his _ just because his secretary was ten minutes late.A) mood C) temperB) mind D) passion20. Features such as height, weight, and skin color _ from individual to individual and fromface to face.A) change C) varyB) alter D) convert21. When she nodded, a look of great relief _ his face.A)spread into C)spread throughB) spread over D)spread apart22. One day the mind will be described fully both .A)on biological and mental terms C) on biological and mental termB) in biological and mental term D) in biological and mental terms23. There is evidence that some kinds of cancers are linked with chemicals _ food.A) added to C) added inB) adding to D) adding in24. Important developments in milk processing and the development of new products mean that dairyfoods will be more easily stored, transported, and _ to people the world over.A) made ready C)making readyB) making available D) made available25. On one _ occasion a fire broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching andshoving. A)remembering C)memorableB)forgettable D) memory26. The coach _ the player on the back and said a few encouraging words.A)hit C)beatB)patted D)blew27. Studies show that a solid night of sleep improves moods in healthy individuals, but its effects onhealthy and depressed people are as different as _.A) night and day C) broad daylightB) overnight D) day in, day out28. The dogs place in society as a companion and as protection against criminals makes the dogas food. A) impossible C) tabooB) inadequate D)appropriate29. The Chinese feel they must see a guest off to down a flight of stairs to thestreet below or perhaps all the way to the nearest bus stop.杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2018年考试科目代码243考试科目名称二外英语(本考试科目共12页,第6页)A) the far feasible point C)the farthest feasible pointB) the further feasible point D) the farthest point feasible30. Money may not be the root of all evil, but if it keeps us up at night, it has becomein our lives.A) very important C) very unimportantB) way too unimportant D) way too important31. It is believed that young people buy products impulsively and are _than themarket as a whole.A) less rational C) more sensibleB) less irrational D) more sensitive32. To truly live is to _ your liberties and decide what you intend to do with the shortspan of years that you are given.A) be in the charge of C) take the charge ofB) be in charge with D) take charge of33. Tim continued to run, _ our shouts to him that he should return.A) judging from C) in addition toB) regardless of D) except from34. Passengers are kindly _ not to smoke at the buffet counter.A) requested C) confirmedB) demanded D)suggested35. During his lifetime, Thomas Edison patented 1093 inventions. Had he stored his money, hewould have died _ .A) a penniless inventor C) a penniless manB) a great inventor D) a wealthy man36. Some people believe that dreams are total nonsense, merely the result of misfiring ofin the brain, while on the other hand, some read great importance into even the simplest of dreams.A) electronic impulses C) electronic shocksB) electrical impulses D) electrical shocks37. _, I gained even more weight when I stopped eating chocolate.A) Paradoxically C) IronicallyB) Fatefully D) Gradually38. Pets _in therapy for the elderly and those who have Alzheimers disease or physicaldisabilities.A) have increasingly used C) are increasingly being usedB) are increasingly uses D) are increasingly using39. Poor nutrition, cruelty, unhappy relationships, disease, continuing disappointments, andinadequate physical care are among the many experiences that contribute to _.A)make people winners C)making people winnersB) making people losers D)make people losers杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2018年考试科目代码243考试科目名称二外英语(本考试科目共12页,第7页)40. Talking with friends can be relaxing, and listening to fast music can make people energetic ordynamic. According to psychology, these are good ways of _ depressionand pressure.A)keeping a distance from C) stay a distance awayB) making a distance with D) taking a distance outPartIIIReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(1.520=30points)SectionADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Pleasewrite down the corresponding letter for each item on the Answer Sheet. You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once.Questions41to50arebasedonthefollowingpa