2018杭州师范大学硕士研究生考试真题之723综合英语.pdf
杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2018年考试科目代码723考试科目名称综合英语(本考试科目共15页,第1页)杭州师范大学2018年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码:723考试科目名称:综合英语说明:考生答题时一律写在答题纸上,否则漏批责任自负。I. Cloze(每小题1分,共30分)Directions: Fill in each of the blanks with one word. Its first letter is given as a clue.Speed and comfortPeople travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they wouldprefer to go (1) b_ land, sea, or air. Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sittingin a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. Itis almost impossible to take your mind off the journey. Reading is only a partial(2)s_, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lullsyou (3) t_ sleep. During the day, sleep comes (4) i_ snatches. At night,when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so. If you are(5)l_ enough to get a sleeper, you spend half the night staring at the small bluelight in the ceiling, or fumbling to find your passport when you (6) c_ a frontier.Inevitably you arrive (7) a_ your destination almost exhausted. Long carjourneys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorwaysyou can, at least, travel fairly safely at (8) h_ speeds, but more often than(9)n_, the greater part of the journey is spent (10) o_ narrow, bumpyroads which are crowded (11) w_ traffic. By comparison, ferry trips or cruisesoffer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs (12) o_ thespacious decks, play (13) g_, meet interesting people and enjoy good food -always assuming, of course, (14) t_ the sea is calm. If it is not, and you arelikely to get seasick, no form of (15) t_ could be worse. Even if you travel inideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared tosacrifice up to a third of their (16) h_ for the pleasure of travelling by sea.Aeroplanes have the reputation of being (17) d_ and even hardened杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2018年考试科目代码723考试科目名称综合英语(本考试科目共15页,第2页)travellers are intimidated by them. They also have the disadvantage of being the most(18) e_ form of transport. But nothing can match them for (19) s_ andcomfort. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have to devise ways of takingyour mind (20) o_ the journey, for an aeroplane gets you (21) t_ yourdestination rapidly. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the(22)f_. The real escapist can (23) w_ a film and sip champagne onsome services. But even when such refinements are not (24) a_, there is plentyto keep you occupied. An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of theworld. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and (25) d_ valleys. Youreally see the shape of the (26) l_. If the landscape is hidden from view, you canenjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles beforeyou, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there isnothing to (27) p_ you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spendyour (28) t_, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your (29) d_fresh and uncrumpled. You will (30) n_ have to spend the next few daysrecovering from a long and arduous journey.II. Reading Comprehension (每小题2分,共60分)Directions: There are 6 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by fivequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice wewould prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I havemanaged to convince myself that if it werent for my job I would immediately head outfor the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the county.But how realistic is the dream?Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population lives in massivetower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tendsto disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky,or other blocks of fiats. Children become aggressive and nervous-cooped up at home all杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2018年考试科目代码723考试科目名称综合英语(本考试科目共15页,第3页)day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world.Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other,nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks dont even say hello to each other.Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that asense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. Peoplehave the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they needhelp. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be amongfriends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and importantevents that take place in cities. Theres little possibility of going to a new show or thelatest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of theordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dwellerwho leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness andquiet.What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, butsuffers from the disadvantage of being cut off: the city breeds a feeling of isolation, andconstant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at thecentre of things, and that life doesnt come to an end at half-past nine at night. Somepeople have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two: they haveexpressed their preference for the “quiet life“ by leaving the suburbs and moving tovillages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as muchsensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behind they are polluted with strange ideasabout change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitantsof the villages.What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring “morning“ tothe locals as they pass by. Im keen on the idea, but you see theres my cat, Toby. Im notat all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean,can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down the farm? No, he would ratherhave the electric imitation-coal fire any evening.1. We get the impression from the first paragraph that the author _.A. used to live in the countryB. used to work in the cityC. works in the cityD. lives in the country杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2018年考试科目代码723考试科目名称综合英语(本考试科目共15页,第4页)2. In the authors opinion, the following may cause city people to be unhappyEXCEPT _.A. a strong sense of fearB. lack of communicationC. housing conditionsD. a sense of isolation3. The passage implies that it is easy to buy the following things in the countryEXCEPT _.A. daily necessitiesB. fresh fruitsC. designer clothesD. fresh vegetables4. According to the passage, which of the following adjectives best describes thosepeople who work in large cities and live in villages?A. Original.B. Quiet.C.Arrogant.D. Insensitive.5. Do you think the author will move to the country?A. Yes, he will do so.B. No, he will not do so.C. It is difficult to tell.D. He is in two minds.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Hawaiis native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its ownaffairs. But much of the archipelagos political establishment, which includes the WhiteAmericans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinesemint Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaiis native peoplehave fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent ofthe states homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is fiveyears less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group withoutsome degree of autonomy.杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2018年考试科目代码723考试科目名称综合英语(本考试科目共15页,第5页)But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native governor, JohnWaihee, has given the natives cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiiannatives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just wantgreater autonomy within the state as enjoyed by many American Indian natives overmatters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs(OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives interests and which hasnow become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious isthe Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, officialindependence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from dear how manypeople this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people withmore than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also wanttheir claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on thisissue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993,the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back rent on the crown land andmany officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims tolegally own the land. The OHAhas vigorously disputed this.6. Hawaiis native minority refers to _.A. Hawaiis ethnic groupsB. people of Filipino originC. the Ka Lahui groupD. people with 50% Hawaiian blood7. Which of the following statements is TRUE of the Hawaiian natives?A. Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.B. Their life span is 5 years shorter than averageAmericans.C. Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.D. They are the only native group without sovereignty.8. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?A. He is Hawaiis flint native governor.B. He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.C. He suggested the native people decide for themselves.D. He is leading the local independence movement.杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2018年考试科目代码723考试科目名称综合英语(本考试科目共15页,第6页)9. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter ofsovereignty?A.American Indian natives.B. Office of HawaiianAffairs.C. The Ka Lahui group.D. The Hawaiian natives.10. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT _.A. a greater autonomy within the stateB. more back rent on the crown landC. a claim on the Hawaiian crown landD. full independence from the USQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things“physical objects that canbe seen, held, felt, usedthat a culture produces. Examining a cultures tools andtechnology can tell us about the groups history and way of life. Similarly, research intothe material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The mostvivid body of “things“ in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot hear forourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when thephonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information aboutmusic-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds ofevidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the studyof instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore themovement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we canoutline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the developmentof the instruments in the symphony orchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folkmusic-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than fromprint, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during thepast few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit varietybecause they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new anddifferent songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect onmusicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.One more important part of musics material culture should be singled out: the杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2018年考试科目代码723考试科目名称综合英语(本考试科目共15页,第7页)influence of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, andvideocassette, with the future promising talking and computers and other developments.This is all part of the “information revolution“, a twentieth-century phenomenon asimportant as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media arenot just limited to modern nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the globe.11. Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because _.A. it helps produce new cultural tools and technologyB. it can reflect the development of the nationC. it helps understand the nations past and presentD. it can demonstrate the nations civilization12. It can be learned from this passage that _.A. the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern andChinese musicB. Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments inthe symphony orchestraC. the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of EasternWestern musicD. the musical instrument in the symphony orchestra were developed on the basicof Near Eastern music13. According to the author, music notation is important because _.A. it has a great effect on the music culture as more and more people are able toread itB. it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by musiciansC. it is the printed version of standardized folk musicD. it encourages people to popularize versions of songs14. It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media intothe world of music _.A. has brought about an information revolutionB. has speeded up the advent of a new generation of computersC. has given rise to new forms of music cultureD. has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2018年考试科目代码723考试科目名称综合英语(本考试科目共15页,第8页)15. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A. Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replacedby computers.B. Music cannot be passed on to