2016青岛科技大学硕士研究生考研真题-基础英语.pdf
第 页 ( 共 12页 )1青 岛 科 技 大 学二 一 六 年 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 试 题考 试 科 目 : 基 础 英 语注 意 事 项 : 1 本 试 卷 共 6 道 大 题 , 满 分 150 分 ;2 本 卷 属 试 题 卷 , 答 题 另 有 答 题 卷 , 答 案 一 律 写 在 答 题 卷 上 , 写 在 该 试 题 卷 上 或 草纸 上 均 无 效 。 要 注 意 试 卷 清 洁 , 不 要 在 试 卷 上 涂 划 ;3 必 须 用 蓝 、 黑 钢 笔 或 签 字 笔 答 题 , 其 它 均 无 效 。 Part I Vocabulary (15 points)Directions: In this part, there are 15 sentences with 15 blanks. You are required to choosean appropriate word from the list to fill in each of the blanks. Change the form wherenecessary. Use each word only once.prejudice spectacle reverie linger humiliateoblivious gigantic demolish renowned erectmartyr incessant shiver agitate heinous1. In those strange old times, when fantastic dreams and madmens _were realizedamong the actual circumstances of life, two persons met together at an appointed hourand place.2. However wet the road, whatever the visibility in mist or fog, some motorists drive atridiculous speeds _of police warnings or speed restrictions.3. Early Christians saw Valentines Day as a way to honor St. Valentine, who was _on February 14 because he outlawed marriage for young men - his crop of potentialsoldiers.4. Severe snowstorms have wreaked havoc on traffic throughout the country, creating_passenger backups, spawning accidents and leaving at least 24 people dead.5. _and discrimination are part of American history, however, this prejudicialtreatment of different groups is nowhere more unjust than with blackAmericans.6. You who have eyes can see any you like. How many of you, I wonder, when you gaze ata play, a movie, or any _, realize and give thanks for the miracle of sight whichenables you to enjoy its color, grace, and movement?第 页 ( 共 12页 )27. “Twelve hours a day for twenty years together.“ The poor ballet dancer must devoteyears of _ toil to her profitless task before she can shine in it.8. Winter often _; autumn could be ushered in by severe frost. For good measure,during the spring and summer, drought, heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other frustrationsmight await the wary grower.9. The fight reaches a climax; the despairing slave meets his destined death giving one last_of agony as his blood stains the stage.10. During this controversy Edward appeared restless and impatient, _ by someinternal feeling, but whether of joy, grief, or expectation, his face did not expresslydeclare.11. “To ensure the narrators thoughts and languages flowed smoothly, I avoided anyquestions suggestive of my own opinion.” the writer says. His book won support from ahost of _writers and veteran journalists.12. During times of stress, daydreaming _a temporary shield against reality, inmuch the same way that building a house protects our bodies from the naturalsurroundings.13. Animal cruelty is a _act punishable by law in every state, but in recent years,there has been increasing recognition of the link between animal cruelty and violence toother humans as well.14. Nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species isaltering the physical and chemical world and _the environment.15. One must not _people-that is the chief thing. Better say to man “My angel“than hurl “Fool“ at his head-though men are more like fools than they are like angels.Part II Cloze (15 points)Directions: In this part, you will read a passage with 15 marked blanks. For each blank,there will be four possible words or phrases to fill in. Choose the best one and write yourchoice on the Answer Sheet.The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population. _1_homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments cant possibly _2_.To help homeless people toward independence, the federal government must support jobtraining programs, _3_ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing._4_ everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates_5_ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. _6_ the figure may vary, analysts doagree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is _7_. One of the federalgovernments studies _8_ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to _9_ this growing homeless population has become increasinglydifficult. Even when homeless individuals manage to find a _10_ that will give themthree meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each第 页 ( 共 12页 )3day _11_ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted toalcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders.Many others, while not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday _12_ skillsneeded to turn their lives around. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that thesituation will improve only when there are _13_ programs that address the many needsof the homeless. As Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley Collegein Massachusetts, _14_ it, “There has to be _15_ of programs. Whats needed is apackage deal.”1. A. Indeed B. Likewise C. Therefore D. Furthermore2. A. stand B. cope C. approve D. retain3. A. raise B. add C. take D. keep4. A. generally B. almost C. hardly D. not5. A. cover B. change C. range D. differ6. A. Now that B. Although C. Provided D. Except that7. A. inflating B. expanding C. increasing D. extending8. A. predicts B. displays C. proves D. discovers9. A. assist B. track C. sustain D. dismiss10. A. lodging B. shelter C. dwelling D. house11. A. searching B. strolling C. crowding D. wandering12. A. life B. existence C. survival D. maintenance13. A. complex B. comprehensive C. complementary D. compensating14. A. puts B. interprets C. assumes D. makes15. A. supervision B. manipulation C. regulation D. coordinationPart III Identifying Rhetorical Devices (10 points)Directions: In this part, there are 10 sentences for identification of the rhetorical meansemployed in them. You are required to choose the correct rhetorical device used in each ofthe following sentences or the underlined parts and write your answers on the AnswerSheet.1. It is now an axiom in many fields of science that more new and important discoverieshave taken place in the last ten years than in the entire previous history of science.A. Loose Sentence B. Periodical SentenceC. Parallel Structure D. Transferred Epithet2. Energy costs will be cut by a computerized device that will direct heat to living areaswhere it is needed, and turn it down where it is not.A. Metonymy B. Metaphor C.Antithesis D. Pun3. Computer technology may make the car, as we know it, a Smithsonian antique.A.Antonomasia B. Onomatopoeia第 页 ( 共 12页 )4C. Euphemism D. Paradox4. TheAmerican society saw a gnawing poverty during the year of the Great Depression.A. Simile B.AlliterationC. Transferred Epithet D. Synecdoche5. The gentleman in me made me stand up to go away, but the journalist in me made mestand still.A. Understatement B. Paradox C. Pun D. Synecdoche6. Then clatter, clatter up the stairs. Jonnie knocked at her door.A.Antonomasia B. Metaphor C. Onomatopoeia D. Pun7. My car was really stubborn this morning. She refused to start.A. Synecdoche B. Metonymy C. Personification D. Irony8. If you love her, bring her to New York, for it is a Heaven. If you hate her, bring her toNew York, for it is a Hell.A. Climax B. Alliteration C.Antithesis D. Inversion9. We are poor, we are very poor, we are very, very poor, as poor as a church mouse.A. Climax B. Antithesis C. Parallelism D. Metaphor10. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until,with Gods help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from hisyoke.A. Parallelism B. Onomatopoeia C.Antithesis D. RhymePart IV Reading Comprehension ( 40 points)Directions: In this part, there are four passages. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA),B),C) and D). Choose the best choice and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneIs language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period oflife can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick in thethirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if heheard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack oflanguage here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in thefirst year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, somechildren are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother isinsensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn languagerapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passesand the language might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly第 页 ( 共 12页 )5rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constantage, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out tobe of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelvemonths he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen monthshe has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which hecan put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in stylerather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity of speaking. What isspecial about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system whichenables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern“toy-bear”. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order inlanguage from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine theparts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother andthe child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling, grasping andsmiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls theinteraction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development oflanguage.1.What is the purpose of the drastic experiment of Frederick in the 13th century?.A. To prove that a baby couldnt live without his mother.B. To discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech.C. To find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak.D. To prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language.2. Today some children are backward in speaking because _.A. they are incapable of learning language rapidlyB. they are faced with so much language at onceC. their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speakD. their brain is not programmed to learn language rapidly3. If a child starts to speak later than other normal children, he will _ in the future.A. have a high IQB. be insensitive to verbal signalsC. be less intelligentD. not necessarily be backward第 页 ( 共 12页 )64. Compared with the brain of the monkey, humans brain is a complex system whichenables a child _.A. to be born with the capacity of singingB. to see things more clearly than animalsC. to connect the sight and the feel with the sound wordD. to run faster than animals5. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?A. The faculty of speech is inborn in man.B. Mother plays an important role in man.C. Insensitivity of the mother to the infants signals will cause them to learn nothingabout language.D. The childs brain is highly selective.Passage TwoIf books had never been discovered, man would have found some other way ofrecording his communication. But then, for our consideration, we should include as bookseverything that is a written record. This would include tablets, papyrus and anything else -including computer diskettes. In the case of music, it would be impossible to think thatman can live without it. Looking at primitive cultures, it appears that music is actually apart of the human psyche. When two things are knocked together, music is produced. Sofor the sake of our discussion, it is intended to restrict the meaning of music to thepopularly accepted concept. Music is the pleasing combination of sounds that we like tolisten to.Though it is difficult to, we can pretend that these things never existed. In this case wewould not miss them today. To compare with recent inventions, let us look at radio andtelevision. Though we cannot think of life without them today, this is so only fromcomparatively recent times. There are many of us living today who had seen a time whenthere was no television. They will tell us that life was not that much different. The same isprobably true of radio. But books are a different thing because they, or something akin tothem, began thousands of years ago. In the case of music, it goes back even further -perhaps to millions of years, we may be able to imagine a world which never saw books,because books are a human invention. However, in the case of music this does not seempossible. Pleasing sounds are all around us; like the singing of the birds and the whistlingof the wind. Music just seems to be inborn in us and in the world around us.If books did not exist, the world will be a poorer place indeed. Great philosophies like第 页 ( 共 12页 )7Platos would become unknown and all the pleasures and lessons we could get from themwill be lost forever. Then there is literature like the works of the great masters likeShakespeare, Dickens and Jane Austen. What a somber, miserable world it will be withoutthe pleasures of reading. Since there are so many other things which depend on reading -like plays, songs and movies - we can expect them to disappear also. It would be a darkand unsatisfying world where knowledge is not propagated; where there are no books toderive pleasure from.In the case of music: without it the world will be bleak and cold indeed. It would be aterrible world with no cheery tunes, no songs to sing and no great music to lose ourselvesin, a world which does not listen to the music of the great masters like Chopin andBeethoven would be a very sorry world. There will not be so many smiles on facesanymore. When we lose music, an expression of a deep part of ourselves - from the soul- is lost. With music, connected activities like