2018上海海事大学621综合英语初试真题.docx
12018 年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(重要提示:答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题上不给分,答题纸上务必标清楚大题号和小题号)考试科目: 综合英语I. Structure and Vocabulary: (40/150)(I) GrammarDirections: In this part, there are 20 sentences. After each sentence there are four choices and you should decide on the best one.1. In fact he had done he could to help the poor.A. what B. which C. as D. all which2. Weve tested ten types of material, is completely waterproof.A. no of which B. none of whichC. some of that D. neither of which3. makes men different from the other animals is that they can think and speak.A. That B. The thing C. All D. What4. She scarcely cares for anything, ?A. doesnt she B. does she C. is she D. isnt she5. He has made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science.A. which I think it is B. of which I think it isC. I think which is D. which I think is6. the importance of wearing seat belts while driving.A. Little they realize B. They little do realizeC. Little realize do they D. Little do they realize7. They will go home for winter vacation as soon as they their exams.A. have finished B .finishC. will finish D. will have finished8. Without your help, we so much.A. didnt achieve B. would not have achievedC. will not achieve D. dont achieve9. The time will come man can fly to outer space freely.A. that B. when C. in that D. which10. you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realized B. Had I realizedC. Did I have realized that D. As I realized11. Tom said that he wouldnt mind .A. to wait for us B. waiting for us C. wait for us D. for waiting us12. The students are busy the examination.A. preparing for B. preparing C. to prepare D. to prepare for13. Its high time we something to stop traffic accident.A. do B. will C. did D. must do14. We can hardly avoid making any mistakes in our work hard we try.A. whatever B. how C. no matter D. however15. He spoke confidently, impressed me most.2A. so that B. it C. that D. which16. He asked since he had been chairman for seven years.A. not to have been re-elected B. to be not re-electedC. not to be re-elected D. to have not been re-elected17. He took down a square green bottle, he poured into a dish.A. its contents B. which contentC. the contents of which D. the content of that18. We regret you that the materials you ordered are out of stock.A. informing B. to informC. informed D. to have informed19. Our teacher recommends that we as attentive as possible when we visit the museum.A. are B. were C. shall be D. be20. Never before that night the extent of my own power.A. had I feel B. I felt C. did I feel D. I would feel(II) VocabularyDirections: In this part, there are 20 sentences. After each sentence there are four choices, and you should decide on the best choice.21. No one knows there is a small island inhabited by a vast assemblage of animals and plants in that country.A. occupied B. lived C. habituated D. dwelled22. Lack of employment outside the home tends to make women vulnerable to depression.A. surprised by B. impressed byC. attacked by D. disappointed by23. Many factories suffered substantial damage last year.A. little B. existent C. solid D. noticeable24. Thanks to John I began to learn to trust my feelings.A. Thanks for B. Owing to C. Depending on D. Obliged to25. Rice production soared from 694,000 tons to 913,000.A. roared B. grew C. flew D. reduced26. Martins job offer spurred the others to do something themselves.A. speed B. encouraged C. made D. wished27. The decline of the motor industry was obviously seen in the economic crisis last year.A. weakening B. refusing C. decaying D. wasting28. The earliest fish have evolved into some 30,000 different species.A. exhibited B. developed C. expanded D. extended29. She inherited her mothers good looks and her fathers bad temper.A. derived B. hindered C. objected D. mixed30. If they dont invest wisely, they can lose their millions as fast as their ancestors made them.A. descents B. successors C. forefathers D. predecessors31. It is surprising that many millionaires are tightfisted.A. generous B. modest C. industrious D. miserly32. The improved lid of this jar makes for easier opening.A. interprets B. gives in C. supports D. contributes to33. People have to resort to elaborate security systems to protect themselves.A. complicated B. up to date C. coherent D. popular34. This is a clear indictment of government mismanagement,3A. sign B. statement C. accusation D. injustice35. Landing on the moon was one of the most dramatic scientific adventures of this century.A. literal B. impressive C. flexible D. constructive36. There is a(n) atmosphere of peace and calm in the country.A. general impression B. environmentC. climate D. complexity37. The situation in Asia shows how power has shifted from individual governments to the markets.A. changed B. went around C. happened D. placed38. Other factors contributing to the rise of Globalization are new technologies and better transportation systems.A. giving to B. causing about C. leading to D. resulting from39. The teacher illustrated his lesson about France with photographs of the people who live there.A. indicated B. explained C. protected D. instructed40. They disputed with each other on various issues.A. discussed B. competed C. disagreed D. arguedII. Read the following passages and choose the best from the four choices to complete the work attached at the end of each passage: (40/150)Passage AHot boning is an energy saving technique for the meat processing industry. It has received considerable attention in recent years when increased pressure for energy conservation has accentuated the need for more efficient methods of processing the bovine carcass. Cooling of an entire carcass requires a considerable amount of refrigerated space, since bone and trimmable fat are cooled along with the muscle. It is also necessary to space the carcasses adequately in the refrigerated room for better air movement and prevention of microbial contamination, thus adding to the volume requirements for carcass chillers.Conventional handling of meat involves holding the beef sides in the cooler for 24 to 36 hours before boning. Chilling in the traditional fashion is also associated with a loss of carcass weight ranging from 2% to 4% due to evaporation of moisture from the meat tissue.Early excision, or hot boning, of muscle prerigor followed by vacuum packaging has several potential advantages. By removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor, refrigeration space and costs are minimized, boning labor is decreased and storage yields increased. Because hot boning often results in toughening of meat, a more recent approach, hot boning often following electrical stimulation, has been used to reduce the necessary time of rigor mortis. Some researchers have found this method beneficial in maintaining tender meat, while others have found that the meat also becomes tough after electrical stimulation.1. Which of the following was not mentioned as a drawback of the conventional methods of boning?A. Storage space requirements. B. Energy waste.C. Loss of carcass weight. D. Toughness of meat.2. Hot boning is becoming very popular because .A. it causes meat to be very tenderB. it helps conserve energy and is less expensive than conventional methodsC. meat tastes better when the bone is adequately seared along with the meatD. it reduces the weight of the carcass3. Carcass chiller means most nearly .A. a refrigerator for the animal body4B. a method of boning meatC. electrical stimulation of beefD. early excision4.Early excision means most nearly .A. vacuum packaging B. hot boningC. carcass chilling D. electrical stimulation5. The toughening of meat during hot boning has been combatted by .A. following hot boning with electrical stimulationB. tenderizing the meatC. using electrical stimulation before hot boningD. removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigorPassage BIn 1920, after some thirty-nine years of problems with disease, high costs, and politics, Panama Canal was officially opened, finally linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by allowing ships to pass through the fifty-mile canal zone instead of traveling some seven thousand miles around Cape Horn. It takes a ship approximately eight hours to complete the trip through the canal and costs an average of fifteen thousand dollars, one tenth of what it would coast an average ship to round the Horn. More than fifteen thousand ships pass through its locks each year.The French initiated the project but sold their right to the United States. The latter would control it until the end of the twentieth century when Panama took over its duties.6.Who currently controls the Panama Canal?A. France B. Panama C. United States D. Canal Zone7. In approximately what did a different government take control of the Panama Canal? A. 2000 B. 2100 C. 3001 D. 29998. On the average, how much would it cost a ship to travel around Cape Horn? A. $1,500 B. $15,000 C. $150,000 D. $1,500,0009. In what year was construction probably begun on the canal?A. 1881 B. 1920 C. 1939 D. 199910. What can be inferred from this reading?A. This is a costly project which should be reevaluated.B. Despite all the problems involved, the project is beneficial.C. Many captains prefer to sail around Cape Horn because it is less expensive.D. Due to all the problems, three governments have had to control the canal over the years.Passage CIn 776 B. C. the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks chief god, Zeus. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contests in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having5poems sung about their deeds. Originally these were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place.The Greeks attached so much importance to these games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads” dating from 776 B. C.11. Which of the following is not true?A. Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads.B. The games were held in Greece every four years.C. Battles were interrupted to participate in the games.D. Poems glorified the winners in song.12. Why were the Olympic Games held?A. To sop wars. B. To honor Zeus.C. To crown the best athletes. D. To sing songs about the athletes.13. Approximately how many years ago did these games originated?A. 776 years. B. 2,277 years. C. 1,205 years. D. 2,790 years.14. Which of the following contests was not mentioned?A. Discus throwing. B. Boxing. C. Skating. D. Running.15. What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?A. They liked to fight. B. They were very athletic.C. They liked a lot of ceremony. C. they couldnt count, so they used “Olympiads” for dates.Passage DPetroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosene, home heating oil, residual fuel oil, and lubricating oils, come from one sourcecrude oil found below the earths surface, as well as under large bodies of water, from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25,000 feet into the earths interior. Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth, but more dry holes are drilled than those producing oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface.Crude oil wells flow at varying rates, from ten to thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products are always measured in 42-gallon barrels.Petroleum products vary very greatly in physical appearance: thin, thick, transparent or opaque, but regardless, their chemical composition is made up of only two elements: carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbons. Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities. Trace elements are also found, but these are of such minute quantities that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule.The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors. These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosene, and distillate oil. The residue remaining after the light oils are distilled is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning under boilers. Additional complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical