西南科技大学考研18年真题211翻译硕士英语.docx
科目代码:211科目名称:翻译硕士英语共17页 第11页2018年硕士研究生招生考试(初试)试题单科目代码:211科目名称:翻译硕士英语说明:1.本试题为招生单位自命题科目。2. 所有答案必须写在答题纸上,写在本试题单上的一律无效。3. 考生答题时不必抄题,但必须写明题号。4. 本试题共计3大题,满分100分。【本试题共计17页,此为第1页】I. Vocabulary and grammar (30)Multiple choiceDirections: Benea.th each sentence there are four words or phrases markedA) , B), C)and D). Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to whichthey can be deliberately controlled and modified.A) bothB) noticeably C) intentionally D)absolutely2.Throughout most of their lives,human beings perpetuallylearn andincrease their mental capacities.A) actually B) readily C) finally3. With new leadership there came sweeping change.A) uprooting B) wide-reaching C) reachingD) constantlyD) specific4.In the excitement of the rehearsal,the director forgot to give the actorsa break for coffee.D) presentationA) playB) performance C) practice 5. People said that the personality of the young married couple wereincompatible.A) discordant B) harmoniousC) loveableD) blissful6. The desire to own land was the impelling cause of themost of the earlymigration to America.A) contributing B) suggestiveC) excitingD) driving7.It requires a great deal of keenness of insight to runcompany of thatmagnitude successfully.A) acumenB) finesseexpertiseD) capability8. The eyewitness corroborated theaccountof the accident given by thesurviving driver.A) repeatedB) supportedflauntedD) denied9. Although it was his first experienceas chairman, he over themeeting with great skill.A) presidedB) administeredC) masteredD) executed10. Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostlyfrom on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.A) configurationC) condemnationB) constitutionD) contamination11. After four yearsinthe same job his enthusiasm finally A) deterioratedB)dispersedC) drainedD) dissipated12.The suspect that he had notbeenin the neighborhood at the timeof the crime.A) advocateB) allegedC) addressedD) announced13. Ever since the rise of industrialism,education has been towardsproducing workers. A) harnessedB) hatchedC) motivatedD) geared14. They are well with each other since they once studied in the sameuniversity.A) identifiedB) recognized C) acknowledged D) acquainted15. All the finished products are stored in a of the delivery portand shipping is available at any time.A) garageB) cabinetC) capsuleD) warehouse16. Although the colonists to some extent with the native Americans,the Indians influence on American culture and language was not extensive.A) migratedB)matchedC) mingledD) melted17. E-mail is a convenient,highly democratic informalmedium for conveyingmessages that well to human needs.A) conformsB)reflectsC) adheresD) satisfies18. The Space Age. in October 1957 when the first artificial satellitewas launched by the Soviet Union.A) initiatedB) originated C) embarkedD) commenced19. The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the A) vainB) vicinityC) courtD) jail20.Although most dreamsapparentlyhappen dreamactivity may beprovoked by externalinfluences.A) spontaneouslyB) simultaneouslyC) instantaneouslyD) homogeneouslyII. Reading comprehension (40)Section 1 Multiple choice (20)Directions: In this section, there are 2 reading passages followed by multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage OneQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage.Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers using nonscientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been nonverbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.The creative shaping process of a technologistJ s mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should be valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions such as wall thickness and pin diameter may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design,involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist.Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail hard thinking, nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitiveprocesses and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather studentsattending architecturalschools.If courses in design,provide the backgroundprovided, we can expectwhich in a strongly analytical engineering curriculumrequired for practical problem-solving, are not to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstormbecause a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.21. In the text, the author isprimarily concerned with A)identifying the kinds ofthinking that is used bytechnologistsB)stressing the importanceof nonverbal thinking inengineering designC)proposing a new role fornonscientific thinking inthe development oftechnologyD)contrasting the goals of engineers with those of technologists22. It can be inferred that the author thinks engineering curricula areA) strengthened when they include courses in designB) weakened by the substitution of physical science courses for courses designed to develop mathematical skillsC) strong because nonverbal thinking is still emphasized by most of thecoursesD) strong despite the errors those graduates of such curricula have madein the development of automatic control systems23. Which of the following statements best illustrates the main point of the first two paragraphs of the text?A) When a machine like a rotary engine malfunctions, it is the technologist who is best equipped to repair it.B) Each component of an automobile, for example, the engine or the fuel tank,has a shape that has been scientifically determined to be best suited to that componentJ s function.C) A telephone is a complex instrument designed by technologists using only nonverbal thought.D) The distinctive features of a suspension bridge reflect its designer sconceptualization as well as the physical requirements of its site.24. Which of the following statements would best serve as an introduction tothe text?A) The assumption that the knowledge incorporated in technological developments must be derived from science ignores the many nonscientific decisions made by technologists.B) Analytical thought is no longer a vital component in the success of technological development.C) As knowledge of technology has increased, the tendency has been to lose sight of the important role played by scientific thought in making decisions about form, arrangement, and texture.D) A movement in engineering colleges toward a technician, s degree reflects a demand for graduates who have the nonverbal reasoning ability that was once common among engineers.25. The author calls the predicament faced by the Historic American Engineering Record paradoxical (line 7, paragraph 3) most probably because .A) the publication needed drawings that its own staff could not makeB) architectural schools offered but did not require engineering design courses for their studentsC) college students were qualified to make the drawings while practicing engineers were notD) engineering students were not trained to make the type of drawings needed to record the development of their own disciplinePassage TwoQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passage.The discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all geographical adventures, but created what might be called the heroic age of Antarctic exploration” . By their tremendous heroism, men such as Shakleton, Scott, and Amundsen caused a new continent to emerge from the shadows, and yet that heroic age, little more than a century old, is already passing. Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the endurance, future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction rather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers found so invaluable and hardly comparable.Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America, and enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors. The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted, and the mapping of the whole of the interior presents a formidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work. Once their labors are completed, it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will furnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the world has yet known, and almost inexhaustible sources of copper, coal, uranium, and many other ores will become available to man. Such discoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes.The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months will be defeated by huge batteries of light, and make possible the establishing of air-fields for the future inter-continental air services by making these areas as light as day. Present flying routes will be completely changed, for the Antarctic refueling bases will make flights from Australia to South America comparatively easy over the 5,000 miles journey.The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem, for the explorer Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes. Some of his parties were men who had never seen snow before, and yet he records that they survived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably, so that, provided that the appropriate installations are made, we may assume that human beings from all countries could live there safely. Byrd even affirms that it is probably the most healthy climate in the world, for the intense cold of thousands of years has sterilize this continent, and rendered it absolutely germfree, with theconsequences that ordinary and extraordinary sickness and diseases from which man suffers in other zones with different climates are here utterly unknown. There exist no problems of conservation and preservation of food supplies, for the latter keep indefinitely without any signs of deterioration; it may even be that later generations will come to regard the Antarctic as the natural storehouse for the whole world.Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this continent, and what so few years ago was regarded as a dead continentn now promises to be a most active center of human life and endeavor.26. When did man begin to explore the Antarctic?A) About lOOyears ago.B) In this century.C) At the beginning of the 19th century. D) In 1798.27. What must the explorers be, even though they have modern equipment andtechniques?A) Brave and tough.B)Stubborn and arrogant.C)Well-liked and humorous.D)Stout and smart.28. The most healthy climate in the world is A)in South AmericaB)in theArctic RegionC)in the Antarctic ContinentD)in theAtlantic Ocean29. What kind of metals and minerals can we find in the Antarctic?A) Magnetite, coal and ores.B) Copper, coal and uranium.C) Silver, natural gas and uranium.D) Aluminum, copper and natural gas.30. What is planned for the continent?A) Building dams along the coasts.B) Setting up several summer resorts along the coasts.C) Mapping the coast and whole territory.D) Setting up permanent bases on the coasts.Section 2 Answering questions (20J )Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only infromation from the passage you have just read and wri te your anwer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.Passage OneQuestions 31-35 are based on the following passage.Hackers Target the Home FrontOne of the UK,s leading banks has been forced to admit that organised hacking gangs have been targeting its executives. For the past year, Royal Bank of Scotland has been fighting systematic attempts to break into its computer systems from hackers who have sent personalised emails containing keyloggers to its senior management. This has included executives up to board level and is now the subject of a separate investigation by the Serious and Organised Crime Agency.The hackers are homing in on the trend for people to work from home. The hackers make the assumption that the computers being used outside the work environment are more vulnerable than those protected by a corporate IT department.Growing threatFor companies it is a growing threat as home working increases: a recent survey from the Equal Opportunities Commission found that more than 60% of the UK