安徽师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试自命题试卷真题652基础英语.docx
安徽师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题科目代码:652 科目名称:基础英语Part I. Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: There are twenty sentences in this part. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.1. Alex Smiths proved keenest when he accurately predicted that his books would someday appear in his native Russia.A. foresightB. nostalgiaC. follyD. despair2. Even in her fiction writing, Denise Chavez functions as a kind of historian in that she the real experiences of Hispanic women through her characters.A. predictsB. defendsC. chroniclesD. surmises3. Known for her , Miranda eagerly welcomes anyone into her home.A. cowardiceB. prudenceC. hospitalityD. loyalty4. The dancers performing style was and , with each move taken from another artist, andpoorly executed at that.A. rousing. .memorableB. pedestrian.evolvingC. chaotic. .unprecedentedD. spontaneous. .graceless5. Evidence that the universe is expandingour perception of the cosmos and thus caused ain astronomical thinking.A. advanced. .setbackB. altered.revolutionC. reinforced.crisisD. halted.breakthrough6. The prose of Richard Wrighfs autobiographical Black Boy (1945) is , free of stylistic tricks or evasiveness.A. impreciseB. straightforward C. deficientD. obtrusive7. Popular interest in music performed by folk singer Jean Richie acted as a because it a wider interest in the music of Ritchie 5s native Kentucky.A. detenent.launchedB. panacea.overcameC. barrier.awakenedD. catalyst.stirred8. Rose smiled approvingly but gave neither written nor spoken permission to proceed with the project: her consent, in short, was .A. tacitB. ferventC. unqualifiedD. impetuous9. Paradoxically, during the French Revolution, the very leaders who proclaimed philosophies sometimes also engaged in practices.A. regal.imperialB. simplistic.neutralC. liberating.repressiveD. totalitarian.absolutist10. Texas is known for its wild orchids, whose is evident in their colors: 52 species have been catalogued, ranging from pure white to bright red.A. novelty.traditionalB. diversity.myriadC. stature. uniformD. starkness. vibrant11. The testimony of eyewitnesses is notoriously ; emotion an excitement all too often cause our minds to distort what we see.A. judiciousB. interdependent C. credibleD. unreliable12. No real-life hero of ancient or modem days can surpass James Bond with his nonchalant of death and the with which he bears torture.A. contempt. .distressB. disregard. .fortitudeC. veneration .guileD. concept .terror13. Because he was in the performance of his duties, his employers could not his work.A. neglectful.quarrel overB. procrastinating.grumble atC. undisciplined.object toD. assiduous.complain about14. It is said that the custom of shaking hands originated when primitive men held out empty hands to indicate that they had no weapons and were thus disposed.A. lethal.clearlyB. concealed.amicablyC. hidden.harmfullyD. murderous.ill15. In apologizing to the uncredited photographer, the editor said that he that this use of copyrighted photographs had taken place.A. deplored.legitimateB. conceded.inevitableC. regretted. .unauthorizedD. admitted. .warranted16. The incidence of smoking among women, formerly , has grown to such a degree that lung cancer, once a minor problem, has become the chief of cancer-related deaths among women.A. negligible.causeB. minor.antidoteC. preeminent.cureD. relevant.modifier17. Canaries are often said to have voices because they make such sweet, harmonious sounds.A. insistentB. melodiousC. inaudibleD. strident18. The plots of Agatha Christies detective stories reflect the complexities hidden beneath the simple appearances of English village life.A. intricateB. discreteC. straightforward D. elementary19. It seemed from the size of the crowd, which was , and the resonance of its cheers, which were , that the team was experiencing a resurgence of popularity.A. vast. .hollowB. sparse. .thunderousC. enormous.deafeningD. unimpressive.muted20. With the evolution of wings, insects were able to to the far ecological comers, across deserts and bodies of water, to reach new food sources and inhabit a wider variety of promising environmental niches.A. relateB. disperseC. transgressD. revertPart II. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: Read each text carefully and make the best choice based on the information in the text. There is only one correct answer to each question.Text 1The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishingAmazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesnt have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa Mays enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services dont pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from themand Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product theyre selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew that produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesnt feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.1. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its .A. digital productsB. user informationC. physical assetsD. quality service考生请注意:答案必须写在答题纸上,写在本试题纸上的无效!第3页,共11页安徽师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题2. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may .A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission3. According to the author, competition law .A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market4. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because .A. they are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generally digitalD. the services are paid for by advertisers5. The ants analogy is used to illustrate .A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants5 customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 2The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality.And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPSs ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involvedDemocrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the systems heaviest users一has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter pennanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint 考生请注意:答案必须写在答题纸上,写在本试题纸上的无效!第4页,共11页安徽师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate一where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There?s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agencys costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that theyre getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.6. The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by .A. its unbalanced budgetB. its rigid managementC. the cost for technical upgradingD. the withdrawal of bank support7. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to .A. the interference from interest groupsB. the inadequate funding from CongressC. the shrinking demand fbr postal serviceD. the incompetence of postal unions8. The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by .A. removing its burden of retiree health careB. making more investment in new vehiclesC. adopting a new rate-increase mechanismD. attracting more first-class mail users9. In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with .A. respectB. toleranceC. discontentD. gratitude10. Which of the following would be the best title fbr the text?A. The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days.B. The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese.C. The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure.D. The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid.Text 3Roger Rosenblatts book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, 考生请注意:答案必须写在答题纸上,写在本试题纸上的无效!第5页,共页安徽师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext fbr expounding on Black history. Addison Gayles recent work, fbr example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds.Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatfs literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authors? Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modem fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous? Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written by Blacks over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology. These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly White culture, whether they try to conform to that culture of rebel against it.Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatfs thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various worksyet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out o or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomers Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes fbr an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnsons Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and its forthright, lucid style exemplifies level-headed and penetrating criticism.11. T