青岛大学2015考研真题642基础英语.pdf
1 青岛大学 2015 年硕士研究生入学考试试题 科目代码: 642 科目名称 : 基础 英语 (共 12 页) 请考生写明题号,将答案全部答在答题纸上,答在试卷上无效 PART I SENTENCE COMPLETION (30 points ) Choose the word or the set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. 1. Like a credit card in appearance, the smart card contains a microchip that stores digital tokens which can be exchanged for goods, just like _ cash. A. concrete B. tentative C. tangible D. intact 2. The Team of England, who are now superbly fit, will be doing their best next week to _ themselves for last years defeat. A. revive B. retort C. revenge D remedy 3. When Tastuma first came to the US from Japan, he wasnt sure he could _ into the American culture, but after a few months , he felt at home here. A. absorb B. transform C. digest D assimilate 4. The constitution of the State required that property should be _ for taxation at its market value. A. estimated B. appraised C. evaluated D. valued 5. The idealized paintings of nature produced in the 18th century are evidence that medieval _ natural settings had been _and that the outdoors now could be enjoyed without trepidation. A. fear of exorcised B. concerns about regained C. affection for surmounted D. disinterest in alleviated 6. Edith Wharton sought in her memoir to present herself as having achieved a harmonious wholeness by having _ the conflicting elements of her life. A. affirmed B. highlighted C. reconciled D. confined 7. In the 20th century, the discovery of radium _ the popular imagination; not only was its discoverer, Marie Curie, idolized, but its market value _ that of the rarest gemstone. A. stormed diminished B. horrified approached C. enflamed exceeded D. conspired triggered 8. Since the 15th century, animals have been used as _ for people in experiments to assess the effects of therapeutic and other agents that might later be used in humans. 2 A. benefactors B. companions C. surrogates D. precedents 9. Issues of price, place, promotion, and product are _ conventional concerns in planning marketing strategies. A. these of the most B. most of those C. among the most D. among the many of 10. The disagreement over the trade restrictions could seriously _ relations between the two countries. A. tumble B. jeopardize C. manipulate D. intimidate 11. New research raises new concerns that altering crops to withstand such treats may pose new risks-from _the weeds themselves. A. anything but B. other than C. more than D. none other than 12. In this small village, he found few persons _ to him and felt quite lonely. A. congenital B. contentious C. congenial D. Concurrent 13. The chief reason for the population growth isnt so much a rise in birth rates _ a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care. A. and B. as C but D or 14. Bipartisan bills are pending in Congress that would eliminate all travel restrictions and _ the embargo. A. free B. slacken C. unwind D. ease 15. Rather than enhancing a countrys security, the successful development of nuclear weapons could serve at first to increase that countrys _. A. boldness B.influence C. responsibility D. vulnerability 16. Although scientists claim that the seemingly _ language of their reports is more precise than the figurative language of fiction, the language of science, like all language, is inherently _. A. ornamental . subtle B. unidimensional . unintelligible C. symbolic . complex D. literal . allusive 17. Laws do not ensure social order since laws can always be _, which makes them _ unless the authorities have the will and the power to detect and punish wrongdoing. A. contested . provisional B. circumvented . antiquated B. repealed . vulnerable D. violated . ineffective 18. The pressure of population on available resources is the key to understanding history; consequently, any historical writing that takes no cognizance of_ facts is_ flawed. A. demographic.intrinsically B. ecological. marginally C. cultural.substantively D. psychologicalphilosophically 3 19. By putting billions of dollars into the ailing automaker, the Obama administration has placed a huge bet on the effort to revive and _ the company through the elimination of brands, dealerships and factories. A. streamline B. stray C. strike D. strife 20. Under the deal, the unions cost-of-living interests, performance bonuses and some holiday pay will be _ to offset health-care costs. A. sustain B. retake C. swab D. suspend 21. The capital intended to broaden the export base and _efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution. A. secure B. extend C. defend D. possess 22. New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and _ energy we have had in the times past. A. exquisite B. resilient C. copious D. formidable 23. Gaddis is a formidably talented writer whose work has been, unhappily, more likely to intimidate or his readers than to lure them into his fictional world. A. entice B. strengthen C. transform D. repel 24. Her is always a source of irritation: she never uses a single word when she can substitute a long clause or phrase in its place. A. verbosity B. simplicity C. cogency D. rhetoric 25. If those large publishers that respond solely to popular literary trends continue to dominate the publishing market, the initial publication of new writers will depend on the writers willingness to_ popular tastes. A. struggle against B. cater to C. admire D. flout 26. Contrary to the popular conception that it is powered by conscious objectivity, science often operates through error, happy accidents, _ and persistence in spite of mistakes. A. controls B. hunches C. deductions D. calculations 27. By putting the entire Woolf archive on a microfilm, the project directors hope to make the contents of manuscripts more _ to scholars. A. objective B. accessible C. appealing D. implicit 28. Despite the _ of many of their colleagues, some scholars have begun to emphasize “pop culture“ as a key for _ the myths, hopes, and fears of contemporary society. A. antipathy . entangling B. discernment . evaluating C. skepticism . deciphering D. pedantry . reinstating 29. The powers and satisfactions of primeval people, though few and meager, were_ their few and simple desires. A. simultaneous with B. commensurate with 4 C. substantiated by D. ruined by 30. Social scientists have established fairly clear-cut _ that describe the appropriate behavior of children and adults, but there seems to be _ about what constitutes appropriate behavior for adolescents. A. functions . rigidity B. estimates . indirectness C. norms . confusion D. regulations . certainty PART II PROOF READING AND ERROR CORRECTION (10 Points) The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. In many states, budget requests by state universities have had to be scaled back or frozen, while tuition, the share of the cost borne by the students themselves, has gone up. The problem with the governors (1) _ is particularly distressing because they all agree that the quality of their colleges and universities helps drive the economic engines of their states. And they are constantly being told by everyone like (2) _ college administrators to editorial writers that only way to make (3)_ their state universities better is to spend more money. But it was against this backdrop that members of the Association (4)_ came together in this city to discuss issues of common concern, one is higher education. And the focus of their talks about colleges (5)_ centered not on how money could be more effectively directed, but on what to get greater productivity out of a system that has (6)_ 5 become highly inefficient and resistive against change. (7)_ As a result, the governors will embark a three-year study of (8) _ higher education system and how to make state colleges and universities better able to meet the challenges of a global economy in the 21st century. And judging from the tenor and tone of their discussion, the study could produce a push in for higher standards, (9) _ more efficiency and greater accountability. Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge and his fellow governors came away from the meetings resolute with the belief that higher education needs a fresh look and (10) _ possibly a major boost in productivity to meet demands of new technologies and a changing work force. PART III READING COMPREHENSION (30 Points) In this section there are three reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet. Passage1 Despite Denmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance , the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.” Youre supposed to figure this out for yourself. It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out lifes inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars- Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbsthere is no Danish Academy to defend against it old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, “Few have too much and fewer have too little, ”and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk 6 gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It s a nation of recyclersabout 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new and no nuclear power plants. Its a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general. Such a nation of overachievers a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere.” So, of course, ones heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (“Foreigners Out of Denmark! ”), broken Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if its 2 a.m. and theres not a car in sight. However, Danes don t think of themselves as a wait- ing-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light peoplethats how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it)that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well- The orderliness of the society doesnt mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society can not exempt its But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldnt feel bad for taking what youre entitled to, youre as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis. 1. The author thinks that Danes adopt a _ attitude towards their country. A. boastful B. modest C. deprecating 2. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the pa A. Fondness of foreign culture. 7 C. Linguistic tolerance. D. Persistent planning. 3. The authors reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is _. A. disapproving B. approving D. doubtful 4 D. prevents Danes from acknowledg 5. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that C. the open system helps to tide the cou Passage 2 Education is an important theme in youth athletics in the US. Young kids, energetic, noisy, uncontrollable, confined to class, yearn for the relative freedom of the football field, the basketball court, the baseball diamond. They long to kick and throw things and tackle each other, and the fields of organized play offer a place in which to act out these impulses. Kids are basically encouraged, after all, to beat each other up in the football field. Yet for all the